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O artigo discute o engajamento atual e potencial das empresas multinacionais em atividades tecnológicas no Brasil. Argumenta que a maior propensão dessas empresas em realizar atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) fora de seus países de origem pode representar uma oportunidade para reforçar o sistema nacional de inovação. A implementação de políticas públicas pertinentes é uma condição importante para o sucesso dessa empreitada.

Some emphasis on differences between advanced and newly industrialized countries.

The research revealed no technological unemployment at the aggregate level, but labour per unit of output decreased in automated production lines. The share of skilled workers increased, mainly due to an absolute increase of maintenance jobs. In contrast the share of production workers and their skill requirements decreased

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que a indústria brasileira tem padrões diferenciados de esforços tecnológicos em relação aos países desenvolvidos. Para identificar esses padrões, usaram-se indicadores de intensidade tecnológica (dispêndio em P&D/valor adicionado), de estrutura do dispêndio em P&D e de recursos humanos por setor da indústria. Em razão dessas diferenças, este trabalho propõe uma nova classificação dos setores por intensidade tecnológica, diferente da OCDE, aplicada ao caso brasileiro.

Purpose
This paper aims to address which resources provided by an entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) are necessary for deep technology entrepreneurship.


Design/methodology/approach
The authors used a novel approach known as necessary condition analysis (NCA) to data on EEs and deep-tech startups from 132 countries, collected in a global innovation index and Crunchbase data sets. The NCA makes it possible to identify whether an EEs resource is a necessary condition that enables entrepreneurship.


Findings
Necessary conditions are related to political and business environment; education, research and development; general infrastructure; credit; trade; diversification and market size; and knowledge absorption capacity.


Research limitations/implications
The results show that business and political environments are the most necessary conditions to drive deep-tech entrepreneurship.


Practical implications
Policymakers could prioritize conditions that maximize entrepreneurial output levels rather than focusing on less necessary elements.


Social implications
Some resources require less performance than others. So, policymakers should consider allocating policy efforts to strengthen resources that maximize output levels.


Originality/value
Studies on deep-tech entrepreneurship are scarce. This study provides a bottleneck analysis that can guide the formulation of policies to support deep-tech entrepreneurship, as it allows to identify priority areas for resource allocation.