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Table of Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Introduction: The emergence of the Global Latina Chapter 1: Leaders of Global Latinas -- long-term planners and flexible visionaries Chapter 2: Brazil's 'national champions' -- beyond privatization Chapter 3: Mexico's Global Latinas -- betting on the US? Chapter 4: Business model innovation in Latin America -- making the unusual usual Chapter 5: Latin America as a brand -- hard sell and soft sell Chapter 6: Asia's challenge to Latin America -- cooperation and competition Chapter 7: From Global Latina to corporate citizen -- is inequality a business issue? Conclusion: Global Latinas and Globalization 3.0 Appendix Endnotes References Index

Over the past decade, multinationals (MNCs) have followed three main objectives while entering Latin America: efficiency seeking, growth seeking, and resource seeking. Efficiency seeking MNCs aim to reduce costs in their global production process through access to cheaper labor, and proximity to destination markets such as the United States. Growth seeking firms enter Latin American markets to grow and/or acquire new markets. They are by nature more dependent on the macroeconomic conditions in local markets for their success. Resource seeking firms enter Latin America in the search of minerals, metals, and hydrocarbons. This paper introduces the concept of "natural markets" to explain the relative successes of MNCs from different regions – Europe (mainly Iberian), USA, and Asia. 'Natural markets' for a MNC are defined as those markets sharing a common history or language or having a high level of physical proximity with the country of origin of the MNC. This paper proposes that a firm focusing on natural markets has a comparative advantage, and thus increases the probability of its success. The paper also draws upon the experiences of successful MNCs in Latin America to infer some lessons for East Asian MNCs wishing to operate in the region.

Front Cover -- The Era of Chinese Multinationals: Competing for Global Dominance -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Endorsement -- Contents -- Author's biographies -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I: Speed-Chinese multinationals conquering the world -- Part II: Strategic advantages and challenges for Chinese firms -- Part I: Speed-Chinese multinationals conquering the world -- 1 Chinese firms take the helm -- 1.1 Chinese companies at the top of the Fortune Global 500 ranking -- 1.2 An expanding international footprint -- 1.3 Return metrics reveal room for growth -- 1.4 Profitability still low for Chinese firms -- 1.5 Gaining ground in market capitalization -- 1.6 Moving forward -- Appendix -- References -- Further reading -- 2 Chinese firms venturing abroad -- 2.1 Going solo: China's greenfield investments -- 2.2 China's new status as a global acquirer -- 2.3 Increase in the size of M& -- A deals from China -- 2.3.1 China's increased focus on services -- 2.3.2 Europe becomes a top destination for Chinese M& -- As -- 2.4 Strategies for going global -- 2.5 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Further reading -- 3 A heavyweight on the global scene -- 3.1 China, an economic powerhouse -- 3.1.1 Unprecedented economic growth -- 3.1.2 China's expanding role in global foreign direct investment 4 -- 3.2 China as a rising soft power -- 3.2.1 The new development banks: AIIB and NDB -- 3.2.2 The Belt and Road Initiative -- 3.3 The path forward: US-China collision course? -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Forty years of opening up: Policy support and Chinese OFDI expansion -- 4.1 Phase one (1978-92): From a closed to open economy -- 4.2 Phase two (1992-99): Building national champions amid "opening and reform" -- 4.3 Phase three (2000-08): Soaring growth and increasing internationalization.

Chinese multinationals have grown in size and increased their global presence dramatically over the last decade. They have emerged as formidable competitors for western incumbents. These firms have instigated profound changes, such as displaced trade and investment flows, new business models, and the emergence of a new geography of global innovation. In a single volume, The Era of Chinese Multinationals captures the forces driving the disruptive growth of Chinese multinational corporations. Following a presentation of the surge of Chinese companies, the book turns to corporate characteristics of those firms and how they compare with western multinationals in terms of revenues, profits, branding, and business strategy. The book uses data and case studies to depict the relevant issues with the goal of providing insights to global executives on collaborating and competing with Chinese companies.

Discusses whether Brazil's rise on the global stage is barely beginning or if it has already hit a plateau, held back by domestic challenges and the external constraints of the global governance system. Describes how Brazil is developing its own model of growth and development, and the role of the state in Brazilian business and industry

This book discusses whether Brazil's rise on the global stage is barely beginning, or whether it has already hit a plateau, held back by numerous domestic challenges and the external constraints of the global governance system. The work shows that Brazil's hard power capability is greater than it is often believed, that this power largely rests on its energy, food and financial reserves. But Brazil's biggest strength lies in soft power as Brazil is able to 'seduce' other states with its culture, values and policies. "The Political Economy of an Emerging Global Power" describes how Brazil is developing its own model of growth and development with some features of state capitalism and innovative forms of welfare. The authors examine the role played by the state in the Brazilian business and industry sector and ask whether the 'Brazilian model' can be an alternative to the old 'Washington Consensus'. Finally, they assess the country's numerous domestic challenges and how these may prevent it from becoming an effective global power. These challenges are found in the economic and social areas as well as in the educational area.

Desde 2008 se ha iniciado una nueva etapa de la globalización en la que lo local y lo regional priman sobre lo global. El resurgir del nacionalismo, las demandas sociales de objetivos medioambientales y de sostenibilidad, el cambio de paradigma económico hacia uno en el que los mercados no se autorregulan por lo que es esencial una mayor intervención gubernamental y los nuevos riesgos en un contexto económico cambiante obligan a las empresas multinacionales a adaptar sus decisiones de inversión y sus estrategias empresariales. Frente a los nuevos retos geopolíticos, establecer raíces y conexiones con países aliados es fundamental.

Governments and business leaders are increasingly aware of the role that innovation plays in economic growth, development and competitiveness. There are imperative challenges for Latin American countries, among them, poverty, social inclusion, sustainable development, climate change, natural disasters, productivity, improve the quality of education and health. Innovations are essential to drive economic growth and prosperity in the region. According to the Global Innovation Index (2015), Mexico is ranked 57th. Most of the research on innovation performance is mostly focused on technological innovation. Therefore, the main variables used, such as patents and number of scientific publications, do not always reflect the other types of innovations (i.e. business model, organizational, etc.) that are developing in emerging markets. The aim of this paper is to analyze the Mexican innovation system using a broad concept with a focus on other types of innovation including cultural aspects to identify the main characteristics that distinguish and determine how innovation in Mexico is formed. Although the Mexican government has improved its institutional structure for innovation and its support policies, they need to evaluate programs and adjust incentive schemes based on performance to improve their innovation policy. Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the Mexican National Innovation System using a broad concept with a focus on other types of innovation and including cultural aspects to identify some of the main characteristics that determine how innovation in Mexico is formed. Design/methodology/approach - The national innovation systems framework is used to review the Mexican innovation policy.A review of relevant literature on national innovation systems and Mexican innovation policies with data from the Global Innovation Index and INEGI were used for this paper. Findings - Higher private investment in R&D is needed to enhance innovation, the Mexican government needs to incentivise the private sector investment and collaboration with higher education institutions on innovation projects is essential. Mexico has improved its institutional structure for innovation and its support policies.An explicit innovation policy is recent and it is difficult to evaluate its effectiveness. Research limitations/implications - This study contributes to the debate on how to improve the Mexican innovation system with emphasis on a broad concept of innovation.The Mexican innovation data is limited. Originality/value - This paper provides a landscape from which policy makers and academics can build on to present proposals for ways to improve innovation performance in Mexico and other Latin American countries.