Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Content -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- II. Role of GNH and GDP in Policymaking and Development -- III. Easterlin Paradox -- IV. Gross National Happiness: Philosophy and Background -- V. GDP Growth and GNH Policies -- VI. Evaluating Comovement of GNH and GDP -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Government Structure in Bhutan -- 2. Pillars, Domains and Indicators of GNH 2016 -- 3. Bhutan: Real GDP per capita 1980-2017 -- 4. Bhutan: Recent Macroeconomic Developments -- 5. Bhutan: Macroeconomic Developments 1980-2017 -- TABLES -- 1. World Happiness Rankings 2017, 2018 -- 2. Bhutan: Details of the Nine Domains of Gross National Happiness -- 3. Sample of GNH Survey Results, 2010 and 2015 -- 4. Bhutan: GDP Sector Shares and Growth Rates, 1980-89

"This boo is a timely look at an important Indian macroeconomic issue - inflation. High and persistent inflation has been a serious macroeconomic challenge for India, particularly in the past decade. India's high rates of inflation have been underpinned ciefly by high and persistent rates of food price inflation, which cascade quickly into rural and urban wages and into nonfood inflation. Well-entrenched inflation expectations have also been a key driver of India's high inflation rates. This book documents and analyzes India's long-ongoing quest to bring inflation down. It grew out of the IMF staff's ongoing policy dialogue with the Indian authorities, in particular at the Reserve Bank of India and the Ministry of Finance. The focus of several of the chapters evolved from the exchange of views with officials from these agencies, and with the many Indian academics interested in these issues

This paper studies the nature of the shocks affecting the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU), and examines whether a hypothetical Eastern Caribbean fiscal insurance mechanism could insure member countries of the union against asymmetric national income shocks. The empirical results suggest that a one dollar reduction in an ECCU member country's per capita personal income could trigger, through reduced income taxes and increased transfers, flows equivalent to about 7 percent of the initial income shock. Each member of the currency union could benefit as well, although the extent of shock m

This paper develops country-specific VAR models with block exogeneity restrictions to analyze how exogenous factors affect business cycles in the Eastern Caribbean. It finds that external shocks play a key role, explaining more than half of macroeconomic fluctuations in the region. Domestic business cycles are especially vulnerable to changes in climatic conditions, with a natural disaster leading to an immediate and significant fall in output-but the effects do not appear to be persistent. Oil price and external demand shocks also contribute significantly to domestic macroeconomic fluctuation

In this study we examine Australian census data on regional incomes for the period 1976–91. Following a discussion of theories and empirical evidence regarding regional income adjustment, the regional dispersion of per capita income is analysed for the six Australian states and at the sub‐state level (statistical divisions, SDs). The coefficient of variation is used as the measure of dispersion, and Gini coefficients are also calculated to analyse income equality within regions. For Australia, the cross‐state dispersion of per capita incomes increased over the period, whereas there was neither convergence nor divergence of incomes among Australia's 57 SDs. In addition, the intrastate dispersion of per capita incomes across SDs remained largely unaltered over the period. Gini coefficients indicated that across income strata, the distribution of incomes both within states and within SDs has become more equal.

Employing a dynamic panel regression, this study estimates the medium-term current account position for three subgroups of emerging market and developing countries with shared economic characteristics. The fundamental determinants of the macroeconomic balance approach to current account determination (arising from the IMF's Consultative Group on Exchange Rate (CGER)) are augmented by determinants relevant to Middle Eastern economies' current account positions. The study also assesses the deviation of the actual medium-term current account position of three Middle Eastern subgroups of countries