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During the last years of Francoism and Spain's transition to democracy, a social movement emerged to promote the legalization and mainstreaming of contraceptive methods (prohibited in Spain since 1941). One of the key features of this process was the interaction of social, political, scientific, and healthcare interests pursued by participants in the afore mentioned movement, which included feminists, human rights and pro-democracy activists, and medical professionals. Another feature was the creation of family planning centers characterized by a wide regional diversity in their origin, development, and consolidation. This study analyzes the ways in which family planning centers in Murcia, a region where the Catholic Church has played a central role in society, contributed to the expansion of the health rights of women, their knowledge of their own bodies, and their sexuality. This paper focuses on the Advice Centers for Women and Families created by the Regional Council of Murcia in 1980, which were active until 1982. The existence of an organized feminist movement that was independent from political parties played an important role in the practices of these centers, which went far beyond offering contraceptive methods to working-class women. The close connection between feminist organizations and the Advice Centers allowed for the transfer of specific knowledge and practices linked to the women's health movement, which were in turn disseminated amongst working-class women. ; En los últimos años del franquismo y durante la transición democrática se produjo en España una fuerte actividad a favor de la legalización de los métodos anticonceptivos, prohibidos en España desde 1941, y del desarrollo de infraestructuras que facilitaran su accesibilidad a las mujeres. Una de las características de este proceso fue la interacción entre los intereses de carácter social y político (feministas, democráticos, pro derechos humanos) y científico-sanitarios que confluyeron en él, así como la creación de centros de ...

This article examines three works by Gregorio Marañón, published for the first time in 1926 under the epigraph Tres ensayos sobre la vida sexual [Three essays on sexual life]. These essays had a huge impact and they were republished several times. The aim of this paper is to help situate Marañon's medical and scientific views, as expressed in these essays, in the political, scientific and socio-cultural context of 1920s Spain. Marañón's theory of sexual differentiation and his defence of women's maternal mission is discussed at a time when many feminists accepted a sexualised view of the world in which women's identity was articulated around motherhood. The analysis of these essays is framed in the contemporary historiography on sexuality and women's history. ; En este artículo se examinan tres trabajos de Gregorio Marañón, publicados por primera vez en 1926 y agrupados bajo el epígrafe de Tres ensayos sobre la vida sexual. Estos ensayos tuvieron una gran resonancia y fueron objeto de numerosas ediciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a situar las posiciones científicas y médicas, expresadas por Marañón en estos ensayos, en el contexto socio-cultural, científico y político de la España de la década de 1920. Se discute la teoría de la diferenciación sexual de Marañón y su defensa de la misión maternal de las mujeres en una época en la que muchas feministas asumieron una visión sexualizada del mundo y en la que la identidad femenina se articulaba en torno a la maternidad. El análisis de estos ensayos es enmarcado en la historiografía contemporánea sobre la historia de la sexualidad y la historia de las mujeres.

This article studies the medical answers during the late 19th century and the first third of the 20th century in relation to the venereal problem. It attempts to disclose the way these answers regulated and defined sexual behaviour and roles by analyzing the discourses and practices of doctors dealing with venereal diseases. It will explore antivenereal legislations, variations in the epidemiological model and preventive strategies. ; Se estudian las respuestas médicas generadas a finales del siglo XIX y primer tercio del siglo XX en relación con el problema venéreo en tanto regularon y definieron conductas y roles sexuales, analizando los discursos y las prácticas de los médicos sobre las enfermedades venéreas. Se exploran las legislaciones antivenéreas, las variaciones del modelo epidemiológico y las estrategias preventivas.