Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to test a model of factors predicting teachers' job and life satisfaction, burnout, dispositional optimism, social support, perceived workload, and self-efficacy. The model extends Lent and Brown's (J Voc Behav 69(2):236–247,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2006.02.006, 2006; J Career Assess 16(1):6–21,https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707305769, 2008) social cognitive model of the interaction of sources of job and life satisfaction. Specifically, burnout, a condition with a high incidence rate among teachers, was included. The participants were 676 Swiss teachers. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results revealed the differential effect of the variables considered on teachers' burnout and job satisfaction, as well as their life satisfaction. Dispositional optimism, social support, and perceived workload might reduce the risk of teacher burnout; dispositional optimism, social support, and teacher self-efficacy seem to positively affect job satisfaction; and dispositional optimism alone, together with burnout and job satisfaction, directly relates to teachers' life satisfaction. Practical implications of these results are discussed.

Over the past thirty years, the sense of school belonging received increasing attention in the educational field because of the many developmental and educational advantages associated with it. Previous research suggested that small schools are in a better position to create a strong sense of belonging among students. The aim of our study was to test the effect of school size on students' sense of school belonging and to test whether this effect holds after considering the effect of the classroom after controlling for individual differences. The study was conducted on a sample of 1698 sixth- and seventh-grade students distributed among 20 school institutes in Switzerland. Multilevel analyses have been conducted. While first results showed an effect of the school size on the sense of school belonging, a comparison of the two-level and three-level hierarchical linear models showed that this effect is no longer significant when considering the intermediate level of the classroom in the analysis, indicating that previous research may have overestimated the effect of school size on the sense of school belonging. These evidence raises the question of which levels of the school environment are more relevant to better understanding individual differences in the sense of school belonging.

In the present study an example of how public relation offices can grow up and become more and more important for the implementation of new strategies in the whole organization is presented. This process of increasing institutionalization of public relations has been stimulated by the customer satisfaction survey, that has constituted a strategic tool for the public relation office itself. By "institutionalization" of public relations we mean two different level of analysis: a) from survey to action research: the customer satisfaction survey becomes strategic for organizational change; b) from normative instrument to instrument of legitimacy and empowerment: the customer satisfaction survey becomes strategic for the institutionalization of public relations office. The growing complexity of Italian sanitary context, has lead hospitals and local Governments to focus their attention on quality that is perceived by customers and clients of sanitary system. These organizations are peculiar for the high level of inner complexity and because they have a very high number and variety of stakeholders, both internal and external (such as clients and their relatives or doctors and nurses), with an high level of both social and economic relevant consequences for people, social groups and institutions. That's why for Lombardia Regional Government annual customer satisfaction surveys are compulsory for every hospital in regional area. We have conducted a quantitative survey on 22.000 subjects, by using a multiple choice questionnaire instrument; two open answer questions have been added at the end of the questionnaire, to collect comments, suggestions and complaints. Subjects are patient form four hospital in the city of Milan, including patients from day hospital, laboratory of analysis and outpatient. Main results of the survey are: a) high level of satisfaction in the critical area of relations and information; b) low level of satisfaction in the critical area of organization and structure. Specific results from one of the four hospitals underline the role of customer satisfaction survey as an action research. Out from the main results, critical activities for the organizations have been classified in: a) basic activities; b) complementary activities; c) strategic activities; d) opportunities.

In the present study an example of how public relation offices can grow up and become more and more important for the implementation of new strategies in the whole organization is presented. This process of increasing institutionalization of public relations has been stimulated by the customer satisfaction survey, that has constituted a strategic tool for the public relation office itself. By "institutionalization" of public relations we mean two different level of analysis: a) from survey to action research: the customer satisfaction survey becomes strategic for organizational change; b) from normative instrument to instrument of legitimacy and empowerment: the customer satisfaction survey becomes strategic for the institutionalization of public relations office. The growing complexity of Italian sanitary context, has lead hospitals and local Governments to focus their attention on quality that is perceived by customers and clients of sanitary system. These organizations are peculiar for the high level of inner complexity and because they have a very high number and variety of stakeholders, both internal and external (such as clients and their relatives or doctors and nurses), with an high level of both social and economic relevant consequences for people, social groups and institutions. That's why for Lombardia Regional Government annual customer satisfaction surveys are compulsory for every hospital in regional area. We have conducted a quantitative survey on 22.000 subjects, by using a multiple choice questionnaire instrument; two open answer questions have been added at the end of the questionnaire, to collect comments, suggestions and complaints. Subjects are patient form four hospital in the city of Milan, including patients from day hospital, laboratory of analysis and outpatient. Main results of the survey are: a) high level of satisfaction in the critical area of relations and information; b) low level of satisfaction in the critical area of organization and structure. Specific results from one of the four hospitals underline the role of customer satisfaction survey as an action research. Out from the main results, critical activities for the organizations have been classified in: a) basic activities; b) complementary activities; c) strategic activities; d) opportunities

La sostenibilità è un tema ampio che non riguarda solo le politiche istituzionali e le scelte aziendali, ma anche persone qualunque e comportamenti di acquisto e di consumo. Per esempio, il cibo è un tema fortemente connesso alla sostenibilità. Avendo a che fare con la salute e la sensibilità ambientale, la sostenibilità influenza spesso scelte dietetiche, anche se non è ancora chiaro quanto sia forte il condizionamento della sostenibilità sulle persone, se queste siano effettivamente condizionate dal problema, e se il condizionamento provenga da processi diretti e coscienti o da scelte economiche o inconsce. Allo stesso tempo, ciò che emerge è una contraddizione generale tra conoscenze, convinzioni, opinioni, valori professati e comportamenti effettivi: i consumatori agiscono in modo diverso e incoerente rispetto alle loro intenzioni e dichiarazioni. Le loro opinioni e i loro atteggiamenti sono spesso contraddittori, e la coscienza della sostenibilità professata (anche nelle indagini) non corrisponde alle abitudini e comportamenti come consumatori (Biel e Dahlstrand, 2005). Lo scopo di questo lavoro è indagare il rapporto tra sostenibilità e consumo di cibo dal punto di vista dei processi di scelta dei consumatori (De Luca, 2006)