Suchergebnisse

En este artículo pretendemos comprender cuáles fueron las estrategias persuasivas utilizadas en el tema del matrimonio igualitario en los estados hispanohablantes en los que este fue finalmente implantado tras un debate parlamentario: España, México D.F., Argentina y Uruguay. Nos proponemos averiguar si los resultados arrojan alguna diferencia significativa en las elecciones retórico-argumentativas de los sectores a favor y en contra de la modificación legislativa. Para ello, realizamos un análisis de los temas del debate y de los tipos de argumentos que se utilizaron en cada uno de ellos teniendo en cuenta el eje horizontal progresistas-conservadores. Partimos de la tesis de que podemos llegar a conocer qué conductas posibilitadoras de la persuasión trataron de activar cada uno de los sectores políticos analizando los recursos retórico-argumentativos utilizados. Los resultados muestran que progresistas y conservadores pusieron en juego estrategias discursivas específicas en los distintos temas que se abordaron durante los debates. ; 2019-20

En este artículo pretendemos comprender cuáles fueron las estrategias persuasivas utilizadas en el tema del matrimonio igualitario en los estados hispanohablantes en los que este fue finalmente implantado tras un debate parlamentario: España, México D.F., Argentina y Uruguay. Nos proponemos averiguar si los resultados arrojan alguna diferencia significativa en las elecciones retórico-argumentativas de los sectores a favor y en contra de la modificación legislativa. Para ello, realizamos un análisis de los temas del debate y de los tipos de argumentos que se utilizaron en cada uno de ellos teniendo en cuenta el eje horizontal progresistas-conservadores. Partimos de la tesis de que podemos llegar a conocer qué conductas posibilitadoras de la persuasión trataron de activar cada uno de los sectores políticos analizandolos recursos retórico-argumentativos utilizados. Los resultados muestran que progresistas y conservadores pusieron en juego estrategias discursivas específicas en los distintos temas que se abordaron durante los debates. ; This article intends to understand the persuasive strategies that were used in the same sex marriage debate in the parliaments of Spain, Mexico D.F., Argentina, and Uruguay. The intention is to find out whether there was any significant difference in the rhetorical-argumentative selections of the groups for and against the legislative amendment. To do this, we will analyze the topics on the debate, and the types of arguments that wereused in each of them, considering the horizontal progressive-conservative axis. The article is based on the premise that through the analysis of the rethorical-argumentative resources it is possible to discover the persuasive principles that each political sector tried to activate. The results show that both progressives and conservatives put specific discursive strategies into play in the different topics discussed during the debates.

[ES]En esta tesis se estudian los discursos que se produjeron en el Parlamento español entre 2004 y 2005 con motivo del debate sobre la propuesta de reforma del Código Civil que permitía el acceso de parejas homosexuales al matrimonio. El estudio se aborda desde una perspectiva crítica, asumiendo el enfoque sociocognitivo de los estudios del discurso. El propósito del estudio es suministrar las herramientas necesarias para poner de manifiesto las estrategias persuasivas utilizadas a la hora de legitimar las posturas políticas en torno al debate. Del mismo modo, se estudia la manera en la que se representó la homosexualidad para comprender qué actitudes se fomentaron hacia los sujetos homosexuales. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de las estrategias en los planos léxico, semántico y retórico, tratando siempre de relacionar los resultados obtenidos con las intenciones comunicativas de los ponentes políticos y sus creencias ideológicas. Los resultados mostrarán que, para legitimar sus posturas, los grupos políticos construyeron dos relatos diferentes sobre la sociedad apelando a los principios persuasivos que mitigan y/o aumentan el estímulo del miedo. ; [EN]The discourses of the debate on the access of homosexual couples to marriage delivered in the Spanish Parliament between 2004-2005 are studied in this thesis. The research is carried out assuming the socio-cognitive approach of the critical discourse analysis. The purpose is to supply the necessary instruments to reveal the persuasive strategies used by the politicians in order to legitimize their ideological positions on the debate. In addition, the means by which homosexuality was represented are examined in an attempt to comprehend the attitudes that were encouraged towards homosexuals. Accordingly, an analysis of the strategies in the lexical, semantic and rhetoric levels is developed. The results obtained in the linguistic level are related to the communicative purposes of the politicians and their ideological affiliations. The results show two different stories about society narrated by the politicians, who appealed to the principles of persuasion that mitigate/increase the stimulus of fear in the audience

The United Kingdom's departure from the European Union (broadly known as Brexit) is one of the most outstanding historical events of the 21st Century to date. Two major figures have led this process politically: Theresa May and Boris Johnson, the two Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom since 2016. This paper, however, focuses on the former, as she is a female politician in a controversial situation, and thus the way she is presented can serve an example of how women in power are represented by the media. This research was designed with the aim of discovering the roles attributed to Theresa May by Spanish digital media throughout this process. The fact that people in Spain are becoming deeply concerned with women's advances in society was motivated the desire to test how Spanish media represent female leaders, such as May. To complete this study, fifty-four publications from three different Spanish digital media leaders of audience (El Mundo, El País and El Español)were taken as a reference. The methodological procedure used was Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), based on semantic relationships, and although some comparisons between relative and absolute frequencies were made, the general approach is basically qualitative. Through this analysis, it has been discovered that Theresa May is presented in a different way depending on the remaining characters, usually masculine, who participate in the action. These differences are mainly observable between those articles in which May relates to her European counterparts and those in which she deals with her British colleagues. ; 2019-20

El malestar es un tema en pleno desarrollo desde los estudios de las masculinidades y actualmente es un terreno fértil para seguir generando líneas de investigación. El presente trabajo siguió la metodología de scoping review cuyo objetivo fue explorar el alcance de los artículos y textos académicos sobre las masculinidades en relación con el malestar. Los resultados apuntan hacia una conceptualización más sólida del malestar como un estado entre la salud y la enfermedad, cuyas causas han sido identificadas como conflictos y pérdidas con relación al (in)cumplimiento de los mandatos de la masculinidad hegemónica. Sus consecuencias repercuten directamente en la salud física y mental. Las conclusiones se centran en la reflexión de la posibilidad del malestar como una punta de flecha para el cambio en las relaciones de género.

La Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), específicamente desde la cátedra de Educación Preescolar de la Escuela de Educación, ha mostrado gran interés en atender el tema de la primera infancia, no solo a nivel curricular desde los cursos que imparte sino desde estrategias concretas que permitan abrir la mirada hacia nuevos horizontes que enriquezcan esta labor.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los resultados de la experiencia académica realizada por dos tutoras de la cátedra de Educación Preescolar y dos estudiantes destacadas de la carrera de Educación Preescolar de la UNED, mediante una estancia académica en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, un espacio para compartir conocimientos, prácticas y vivencias en relación con la atención de la primera infancia y aspectos relacionados con la formación de docentes en esta área.Se destacan las temáticas del juego tradicional desde el festival Pukllay, que rescata el juego tradicional como actividad propia de las regiones latinoamericanas, transmitidas de generación en generación a través de la historia de sus pueblos, así como el cuidado ambiental a partir de la experiencia en un centro educativo que desarrolla una propuesta ecológica como un eje transversal en su labor educativa.

In the majority of EU Member States, agricultural land is expected to decrease not only due to land-use changes in favour of urban expansion and afforestation but also to land abandonment processes. The knowledge on location and extent of agricultural land abandonment is relevant for estimating local external effects and adapting policy interventions. Currently, multi-level land-use models are able to capture determined processes of demand-driven redevelopment. However, land abandonment is much more difficult to capture because of its more ambiguous definition and the lack of data on its spatial distribution. This paper presents a method to explicitly model agricultural abandonment as a choice of disinvestment, which in turn is embedded in a utility-based land-use modelling framework that projects land-use changes for the EU and the UK. Validation exercises using observed spatial distribution of abandoned farmland show that the proposed method allows to model abandonment with acceptable accuracy.

[EN] This article presents a study based on the outputs from the LUISA Territorial modelling platform (Joint Research Centre of the European Commission) focused on regional and local future projections of land abandonment between 2015 and 2030. Spain is taken as representative of one of the countries highly affected by agricultural land abandonment in the European Union. The most relevant factors driving land abandonment (biophysical, agroeconomics, farm structure and demographic) are described and mapped. Results from the analysis reveal that the Galicia region, northern Spain (Asturias, Cantabria, Gipuzkoa, Bizkaia), north-eastern Spain (Aragon region), central Pyrenees/Ebro basin (Huesca, Navarra, Lleida) and south-eastern Spain (Murcia, Almeria, Alicante, Malaga) are expected to undergo important abandonment processes. The study also concludes that land abandonment within mountainous, high nature value farmland and Natura 2000 areas is lower compared to the outside area without conservation and protection measures ; Perpiñá Castillo, C.; Coll-Aliaga, E.; Lavalle, C.; Martínez Llario, JC. (2020). An Assessment and Spatial Modelling of Agricultural Land Abandonment in Spain (2015¿2030). Sustainability. 12(2):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020560 ; S ; 1 ; 23 ; 12 ; 2 ; Gellrich, M., & Zimmermann, N. E. (2007). Investigating the regional-scale pattern of agricultural land abandonment in the Swiss mountains: A spatial statistical modelling approach. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79(1), 65-76. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.03.004 ; Alonso‐Sarría, F., Martínez‐Hernández, C., Romero‐Díaz, A., Cánovas‐García, F., & Gomariz‐Castillo, F. (2015). Main Environmental Features Leading to Recent Land Abandonment in Murcia Region (Southeast Spain). Land Degradation & Development, 27(3), 654-670. doi:10.1002/ldr.2447 ; Falcucci, A., Maiorano, L., & Boitani, L. (2006). Changes in land-use/land-cover patterns in Italy and their implications for biodiversity conservation. Landscape Ecology, 22(4), 617-631. ...

La vía sexual es la principal forma de transmisión del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Consecuentemente, es necesario indagar sobre los conocimientos, las actitudes y las creencias en relación con la sexualidad y la transmisión del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/síndrome de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH/SIDA) y de otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS), así como su expresión en los comportamientos sexuales, a fin de identificar necesidades de información de la población y encontrar maneras culturalmente aceptables para informar, educar sobre los mismos y contribuir así a la prevención de dichas enfermedades.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 55, No. 621-622, 2000: 685-721.

Target 2 of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 aims at the deployment of Green Infrastructure (GI) and the restoration of at least 15% of degraded ecosystems. We assess different alternatives for the spatial planning of GI and ecosystem restoration across the European Union by using spatial conservation prioritization tools. We compared three different scenarios for the identification of priority areas in which the ecosystem service potential, beneficiaries (i.e. people) and ecosystem condition play different roles. As an example of GI restoration, we also assessed the cost-effectiveness of removal of invasive alien species in the areas prioritized under each scenario. The comparative assessment of the spatial alternatives for GI shows synergies and conflicts. We found that GI could be efficiently established close to densely populated areas, since high multi-functionality is delivered in these locations (close to human settlements). However, restoration costs, such as the removal of invasive alien species, were higher in such areas given the influence of urban pressures. We also found that GI prioritized in areas under poor ecosystem condition would require a larger spatial extent of implementation, due to a lower ecosystem service potential per unit area. Given the scarcity of resources for investment in GI and ecosystem restoration, win-win situations should be identified where GI designation can deliver several policy objectives simultaneously. The prioritization framework we have presented here could also be applied at the country or regional level to support local planning. Multi-functionality Ecosystem service potential Beneficiaries Habitat conservation status Ecosystem condition Ecosystem restoration ; publishedVersion

AbstractThis study provides a quantitative analisis of the interactions between urban and rural areas and related territorial disparities in the European Union (EU). Relevant societal themes such as population changes, access to services, broadband internet connectivity, house prices, tourism and land‐use/cover flows are examined by mean of indicators computed with the most recent data at the highest spatial resolution. The degree of urbanization (cities, towns and suburbs, rural areas) is used to identify territorial differences and to compare EU regions. Results show that rural and remote areas are lagging in terms of relevant territorial assets compared with more urbanized typologies, with strong variations from region to region depending on the analysed theme. The study provides quantitative and graphical information by applying a descriptive statistical analysis of the indicators and a spatial multicriteria assessment to help with decision‐making processes. It concludes by summarizing the most important outcomes with a set of policy recommendations.

Green infrastructure (GI), a network of nature, semi-natural areas and green space, delivers essential ecosystem services which underpin human well-being and quality of life. Maintaining ecosystem services through the development of GI is therefore increasingly recognized by policies as a strategy to cope with potentially changing conditions in the future. This paper assessed how current trends of land-use change have an impact on the aggregated provision of eight ecosystem services at the regional scale of the European Union, measured by the Total Ecosystem Services Index (TESI8). Moreover, the paper reports how further implementation of GI across Europe can help maintain ecosystem services at baseline levels. Current demographic, economic and agricultural trends, which affect land use, were derived from the so called Reference Scenario. This scenario is established by the European Commission to assess the impact of energy and climate policy up to 2050. Under the Reference Scenario, economic growth, coupled with the total population, stimulates increasing urban and industrial expansion. TESI8 is expected to decrease across Europe between 0 and 5 % by 2020 and between 10 and 15 % by 2050 relative to the base year 2010. Based on regression analysis, we estimated that every additional percent increase of the proportion of artificial land needs to be compensated with an increase of 2.2 % of land that qualifies as green infrastructure in order to maintain ecosystem services at 2010 levels.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and control biological processes (BPs), including fibrogenesis. Kidney fibrosis remains a clinical challenge and miRNAs may represent a valid therapeutic avenue. We show that miR‐9‐5p protected from renal fibrosis in the mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). This was reflected in reduced expression of pro‐fibrotic markers, decreased number of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, and diminished tubular epithelial cell injury and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1)‐dependent de‐differentiation in human kidney proximal tubular (HKC‐8) cells. RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐Seq) studies in the UUO model revealed that treatment with miR‐9‐5p prevented the downregulation of genes related to key metabolic pathways, including mitochondrial function, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and glycolysis. Studies in human tubular epithelial cells demonstrated that miR‐9‐5p impeded TGF‐β1‐induced bioenergetics derangement. The expression of the FAO‐related axis peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC‐1α)‐peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) was reduced by UUO, although preserved by the administration of miR‐9‐5p. We found that in mice null for the mitochondrial master regulator PGC‐1α, miR‐9‐5p was unable to promote a protective effect in the UUO model. We propose that miR‐9‐5p elicits a protective response to chronic kidney injury and renal fibrosis by inducing reprogramming of the metabolic derangement and mitochondrial dysfunction affecting tubular epithelial cells. ; This work was supported by Grants from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) SAF 2012‐31388 (SL) and SAF2015‐66107‐R (SL), both cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund, Instituto de Salud Carlos III REDinREN RD12/0021/0009 and RD16/0009/0016 (SL and MRO), PI17/00119 (MRO), SAF2015‐63904‐R (MM), cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska‐Curie grant agreement 721236‐TREATMENT (MM), Comunidad de Madrid "NOVELREN" B2017/BMD­3751 (SL and MRO), and Fundación Renal "Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo" (SL), all from Spain. The CBMSO receives institutional support from Fundación "Ramón Areces". VM and CNT were supported by predoctoral fellowships of the FPI Program (BES‐2013‐065986 and BES‐2014‐068929) from MINECO. ; Peer reviewed

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major epidemiological, clinical and biomedical challenge. During CKD, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) suffer a persistent inflammatory and profibrotic response. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO), the main source of energy for TECs, is reduced in kidney fibrosis and contributes to its pathogenesis. To determine if FAO gain-offunction (FAO-GOF) could protect from fibrosis, we generated a conditional transgenic mouse model with overexpression of the fatty acid shuttling enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 A (CPT1A) in TECs. Cpt1a knock-in (CPT1A KI) mice subjected to three different models of renal fibrosis (unilateral ureteral obstruction, folic acid nephropathy-FAN and adenine induced nephrotoxicity) exhibited decreased expression of fibrotic markers, a blunted pro-inflammatory response and reduced epithelial cell damage and macrophage influx. Protection from fibrosis was also observed when Cpt1a overexpression was induced after FAN. FAO-GOF restituted oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial number and enhanced bioenergetics increasing palmitate oxidation and ATP levels, changes also recapitulated in TECs exposed to profibrotic stimuli. Studies in patients evidenced decreased CPT1 levels and increased accumulation of short and middle chain acylcarnitines, reflecting impaired FAO in human CKD. We propose that strategies based on FAO-GOF may constitute powerful alternatives to combat fibrosis inherent to CKD ; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) SAF2012-31388 (SL), SAF2015-66107-R (SL), PID2019-104233RB-100 (SL), PI17/01513 (DRP), SAF2017-83813-C3-1-R (DS and LH), cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund, Instituto de Salud Carlos III REDinREN RD12/0021/0009 and RD16/0009/0016 (SL, DRP, and MRO), PI17/00119 (MRO), FIS PI17/00625 (DRP), Comunidad de Madrid "NOVELREN" B2017/BMD-3751 (SL, DRP, and MRO)"; Spanish Society of Nephrology (Fundacion Senefro 2017) (SL) and Fundacion Renal "Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo" (SL), the Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion (CIBEROBN) CB06/03/0001 (DS), the Government of Catalonia 2017SGR278 (DS), and the Fundacio La Marato de TV3 201627-30 (DS), all from Spain. The CBMSO receives institutional support from Fundacion "Ramon Areces."