Suchergebnisse

En este artículo se hace una revisión documental de las políticas de lectura en el país. Se tratará lo referente al ámbito normativo de las acciones sociales, siguiendo, por un lado, a Eisner (1998) quien lo denomina dimensión teleológica o intencional, es decir, la regularización de lo relacionado con la lectura —saber, promoción, investigación-; y, por otro, a Habermas (1989a) en cuanto a lo que el autor llama acciones reguladas por normas, que se consideran, para efectos de este escrito, las políticas de promoción de lectura, tales como planes, programas, proyectos, que organismos gubernamentales han diseñado y puesto en práctica en torno a la formación y consolidación de un país lector. En este sentido, en el de las acciones normativas, se examina lo atinente a los planes de lectura y demás políticas que tienen al libro y a los lectores como centros de interés. Se verá cómo se va transformando en la esfera pública, a través de programas y proyectos, la concepción de lectura, sus ámbitos de acción, los objetivos trazados, y simultáneamente la praxis lectora. De un ámbito exclusivamente escolar, se transita a otros contextos de familia y, más recientemente, se convierte en una visión sistémica de participación que involucra comunidades, organismos, instituciones, sin olvidar la escuela y otros espacios educativos. También se muestra que las políticas de lectura toman en cuenta tanto los destinatarios como los procesos de producción, organización, distribución y difusión de libros y demás materiales escritos. ; This article is based on documentary research of the reading politics in Venezuela. The normative aspect of social actions is addressed by following Eisner (1998), who refers to this as the teleological or intentional dimension, that is to say, the regulation of everything related to reading—knowledge, promotion, research. On the other side, Habermas (1998a) serves as a frame for what he calls norm-governed actions, which are considered here as the policies for the promotion of reading, such as plans, programs, and projects that government organizations have designed and put into practice for the foundation and consolidation of a reading country. In this latter aspect, we examine the reading plans and other policies that have the book and the readers as the focus of interest. It will be seen how the programs and projects in the public area transform the notion of reading, its radius of action, the goals set, and simultaneously, the reading praxis. Having the school environment as the starting point, the process moves through the context of the family until it becomes a systemic vision of participation that involves communities, organizations, and institutions, without forgetting about the school and other educational spaces. It is also shown that the reading policies take into account both the recipients and the processes of production, organization, distribution, and promotion of books and other written materials. ; 125-168 ; mariauxi65@gmail.com ; Anual

Industrial statisticians frequently face problems in their practice where adjustment of a manufacturing process is necessary. In this paper, a view of the origins and recent work in the area of statistical process adjustment (SPA) is provided. A discussion of some topics open for further research is also given including new problems in semiconductor manufacturing process control. The goal of the paper is to help display the SPA field as a research area with its own identity and content, and promote further interest in its development and application in the industry.

This paper presents a novel method for the calibration of a parallel robot, which allows a more accurate configuration instead of a configuration based on nominal parameters. It is used, as the main sensor with one camera installed in the robot hand that determines the relative position of the robot with respect to a spherical object fixed in the working area of the robot. The positions of the end effector are related to the incremental positions of resolvers of the robot motors. A kinematic model of the robot is used to find a new group of parameters, which minimizes errors in the kinematic equations. Additionally, properties of the spherical object and intrinsic camera parameters are utilized to model the projection of the object in the image and thereby improve spatial measurements. Finally, several working tests, static and tracking tests are executed in order to verify how the robotic system behaviour improves by using calibrated parameters against nominal parameters. In order to emphasize that, this proposed new method uses neither external nor expensive sensor. That is why new robots are useful in teaching and research activities. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. ; The authors would like to thank the following institutions for their financial support: Universidad Politécnica de Madrid in Madrid Spain; Universidad Aeronáutica de Querétaro, in Queretaro Mexico; and Universidad Nacional de San Juan in San Juan, Argentina. This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of the Spanish Government under Project DPI2010-20863 ; Peer Reviewed

This study links tree-ring growth and gross primary production for a variety of forest types under different environmental conditions across Spain. NOAA-AVHRR satellite imagery data were combined with dendrochronological records and climate data at a fine spatial resolution (1.21 km2) to analyze the interannual variability of tree-ring growth and vegetation activity for different forest biomes from 1981 to 2015. Specifically, we assessed the links between tree-ring width indices (TRWi), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and a variety of environmental conditions, represented by climatic variables (air temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and water balance) and elevation. The impact of these variables on tree growth was assessed by means of the Predictive Discriminant Analysis (PDA). Results reveal a general positive and significant relationship between inter-annual variability of the NDVI at a high spatial resolution (1.21 km2) and tree-ring growth. Maximum correlations between NDVI and tree-ring growth were recorded when cumulative NDVI values were considered, in some cases covering long time periods (6–10 months), suggesting that tree growth is mainly related to Gross Primary Production (GPP) at annual scale. The relationship between tree-ring growth and inter-annual variability of the NDVI, however, strongly varies between forest types and environmental conditions. ; Research projects CGL2014-52135-C03-01, CGL2015-69186-C2-1-R, CGL2015-69985-R, CGL2013-48843-C2-1-R, AGL2014-53822-C2-1-R, (BFU2010-21451), PCIN-2015-220, CGL2016-81706-REDT, CGL2017-82216-R, Spanish Commission of Science and Technology and FEDER, 1560/2015: Herramientas de monitorización de la vegetación mediante modelización ecohidrológica en parques continentales financed by the Red de Parques Nacionales, IMDROFLOOD, Water Works 2014, co-funded call of the European Commission, CROSSDRO financed by the AXIS (Assessment of Cross(X) – sectorial climate Impacts and pathways for Sustainable transformation) JPI-Climate co-funded call of the European Commission and INDECIS, part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR), co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462). Spanish Commission of Science and Technology and FEDER, and INDECIS, which is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462), Aragon Regional Government, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, IJCI-2015-25845, MINECO-FPDI 2013-16600, FJCI 2016-30121, FEDER funds. Xunta de Galicia (PGIDIT06PXIB502262PR, GRC GI-1809, ROCLIGAL-10MDS291009PR), INIA (RTA2006-00117), and Interreg V-A POCTEFA (CANOPEE, 2014-2020-FEDER funds) projects.