Suchergebnisse

Se analizó la condición de vulnerabilidad de edificaciones frente al impacto de los incendios forestales en áreas de interfaz localizadas en San José de Maipo, Región Metropolitana, Chile. Para este propósito recopilamos datos de población, estadísticas de incendios, normas de construcción, legislación vigente y en general una extensa red de información desde el año 2000 en adelante. Con estos antecedentes evaluamos las áreas con mayor presencia de viviendas en bosques y las principales normas de construcción vigentes, como también las características de resguardo frente al fuego para distintas categorías de construcción: viviendas, colegios, hospitales, y en general todo tipo de infraestructura crítica que cumple funciones de defensa y protección frente a catástrofes. Los resultados muestran una alta exposición de prácticamente todas las categorías de edificaciones, debido a que se localizan en áreas de máxima vulnerabilidad. Respecto a las construcciones existentes, se realizan propuestas para mejorar el entorno inmediato a las áreas con mayor vulnerabilidad. Se trata de una experiencia piloto en Chile, basada en los resultados del Proyecto FONDEF it16i10003 (Chile), sobre protección y defensa de edificaciones frente a incendios forestales en zonas de interfaz urbano forestal. ; In San José de Maipo, Metropolitan Region, Chile, the vulnerability of buildings was analyzed considering the impact of forest fires in interface areas. For this purpose, we collect population data, fire statistics, construction regulations, current legislation, interviews, workshops with communities, and, in general, extensive information from 2000 onward. With this background, we evaluate the areas with the highest number of residential buildings in forests and the main current construction regulations, as well as the characteristics of fire protection for different categories of construction: residential, schools, hospitals, and all types of critical infrastructure related to mitigation and protection features in case of disasters. Results show a high exposure of almost all categories of buildings. This occurs because constructions are located in areas of exposure with high vulnerability. Regarding to the existing buildings, proposals are offered to improve unsafe conditions in the most vulnerable areas. These proposals have resulted from a pilot experience in Chile, based on the results of the FONDEF Project it16i10003 (Chile), on protection and defense of buildings to forest fires in areas of wildland urban interface.

The spatial and temporal behavior of the occurrence of forest fires in Chile was evaluated in the presence of COVID-19 and mobility restrictions. The fire period from 2015–2016 to 2020–2021 was considered and statistics on mobility restrictions were granted by the Government of Chile. The analysis was developed at different scales of geographic perception. At the national and regional levels, the global behavior of the occurrence was determined, and later at the communal level, the political territorial unit, to determine internal variations attributable to the mobility dynamics in the quarantine period. In the process, the meteorological background of the fire activity was also considered. The results indicate that it is possible to rule out a meteorological effect, based on the variation of the moisture content of fine fuel. There was also no statistical association between the humidity of the fuel and the variation in the occurrence of fires. It is concluded that the communes that presented the greatest mobility of people before the pandemic were those that obtained the greatest reduction in fires. The variation in mobility, the product of restriction measures, is a statistical predictor of the increase or decrease in fires. ; Versión publicada - versión final del editor