Suchergebnisse

Study of the captives in al-Andalus (Muslim Spain), mostly Christians, during the period when they abounded most: the caliphate of Hisham II (976-10092) and the government of his hayib al-Mansur Ibn Abi'mir (977-1002). The paper focuses on the captives' origin and provenance, as well as on the process of sale and manumission once they had been enslaved, according to the andalusian books of watha'iq (notarials forms), and its economics effects. The survey shows the prevalence of natives from Galicia, a very large presence of women and one important frequency of manumissions due to a diversity of social and economic reasons which are analysed. ; Estudio de los cautivos en al-Andalus, la mayoría cristianos, centrado en el periodo de mayor abundancia y flujo, el califato de Hišam II (976-1009) y el gobierno del haíib al-Mansãr Ibn Abu'mir (977-1002). Se analizan el origen y la procedencia, los procesos de venta y manumisión que sufren una vez convertidos en esclavos según los formularios notariales andalusíes así como sus efectos económicos. El estudio revela un predominio del origen "gallego", una mayor abundancia de mujeres y una considerable frecuencia de manumisiones debidas a diversas razones socio-económicas que se analizan.

Estudio de los cautivos en al-Andalus, la mayoría cristianos, centrado en el periodo de mayor abundancia y flujo, el califato de Hišam II (976-1009) y el gobierno del haíib al-Mansãr Ibn Abu'mir (977-1002). Se analizan el origen y la procedencia, los procesos de venta y manumisión que sufren una vez convertidos en esclavos según los formularios notariales andalusíes así como sus efectos económicos. El estudio revela un predominio del origen "gallego", una mayor abundancia de mujeres y una considerable frecuencia de manumisiones debidas a diversas razones socio-económicas que se analizan. ; Study of the captives in al-Andalus (Muslim Spain), mostly Christians, during the period when they abounded most: the caliphate of Hisham II (976-10092) and the government of his hayib al-Mansur Ibn Abi'mir (977-1002). The paper focuses on the captives' origin and provenance, as well as on the process of sale and manumission once they had been enslaved, according to the andalusian books of watha'iq (notarials forms), and its economics effects. The survey shows the prevalence of natives from Galicia, a very large presence of women and one important frequency of manumissions due to a diversity of social and economic reasons which are analysed.

Minerva : revista de estudos laborais. - ISSN 1647-0753. - V.9, n. 2 (2019). - p. 169-200. ; The protection of workers temporarily posted to another Member State of the European Union or the European Economic Area in order to fulfil their company a transnational services' provision has never been a peaceful matter. The solution given by Directive 96/71/EC was accompanied, from the very moment that this text has seen the light, more than twenty years ago, of a lively internal and external polemic to the Union. The point at which the directive placed the balance between that protection and the free provision of services has not succeeded in completely satisfying anyone. There are many voices that have blamed the directive for the establishment of a short, insufficient or unambitious protection, overfolding the demands of the free provision of services and influenced by the purpose of closing the loopholes to the possibility of avoiding the effective application of certain, more advantageous working conditions contained in the rules of police of the host State, open by the then-applicable Rome convention. In spite of having represented, in comparison with the preceding situation, an obvious advance of the protection of the posted workers, this social objective of the directive was overshadowed by which it appeared as its main or predominant objective, which was to prevent the host State from disallowing posted workers from a guardianship that hinders more than is necessary or, if disproportionately preferred, the free provision of services. Time has come to give reason to those who maintained that protection could have been further carried out without falling into disproportionate constraints of free service provision. It is confirmed by the amendments to Directive 96/71/EC set out by directive (EU) 2018/957. Of these, a good part goes directly to the introduction of a major extension of the substantive protection in question. The protection that has just been referred to takes on a greater elasticity, mainly because of its diversification according to the type of posting. On the other hand, it is more imperative for the Member States, in the sense that the application of certain contents ceases to be subject to the provisions of the national transposition regulations. The result of the changes is the establishment of a new equilibrium, more favourable for posted workers, between their protection and the free provision of services. Although the diversity of the national labour regulations of the home and host States continues to be respected, the space in which that diversity remained immune to protection is diminishing. The said diminution takes place in the terms explained in Paragraph 3 of this paper.

A pesquisa tem por objetivo discutir o papel constitucional das Polícias Militares na segurança externa dos presídios brasileiros, evidenciando a interpretação equivocada que é dada a essa atribuição. Buscar-se-á comprovar que a atuação em guaritas e muralhas, além de não caracterizar uma atividade de segurança ou guarda externa, causa sérios prejuízos à missão constitucional das Polícias Militares.

Máster Universitario en Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo ; Ante un conflicto global como el del terrorismo yihadista, la comunidad internacional ha tomado una serie de medidas económicas, de seguridad, de gobierno, de justicia, y de cooperación. Este trabajo intenta reflejar el cambio, o la continuidad, de estas medidas y de los discursos políticos occidentales (EE.UU., ONU, UE) ante el terrorismo y ante Daesh. Al mismo tiempo, se hace una valoración de su legitimidad de acuerdo a los criterios de legalidad, efectividad y moralidad. Todo ello visto desde una perspectiva de cooperación al desarrollo, que pretende identificar los puntos de colaboración entre los gobiernos y otras instituciones como las ONG. Como conclusión, aunque las medidas han sido en su mayoría positivas, las organizaciones internacionales no se han comprometido lo suficiente para hacer frente a la amenaza yihadista. Al mismo tiempo, el panorama gubernamental evoluciona hacia nuevos sistemas de cooperación que requieren de diversos instrumentos orquestados por la agenda internacional. ; Before a global conflict such as jihadist terrorism, the international community has taken many measures dealing with economy, security, government, justice and cooperation. This document reflects on the change, or continuity, of these measures and the political discourses of the western world (EU, UN & USA) involving terrorism and Daesh. At the same time, these are rated on a legitimacy bases: according to legality, effectivity and morality. The cooperation for development perspective is also engaged throughout the text, trying to identify opportunities of collaboration between governments and other institutions such as the NGO's. As a conclusion, although most measures have been very positive, international organisations have not committed enough against the jihadist threat so far, at the same time that the political overview evolves towards a more cooperative system between different unrelated actors under the lead of the international agenda.