Suchergebnisse

El texto analiza las prácticas sexuales y anticonceptivas de los adolescentes dentro de un contexto más amplio de dinámicas de pareja; se revisa con qué frecuencia, con quién, por cuánto tiempo y bajo qué condiciones de compromiso, exclusividad e involucramien­to sexual los adolescentes establecen sus relaciones de pareja. La información utilizada se recolectó a partir de un cuestionario diseñado para este estudio, que se aplicó en mayo de 2000 a 1 483 adolescentes varones entre 13 y 19 años que habitaban en varias fa­velas de Recife, Brasil. Se obtuvo información detallada sobre las características de las parejas e historias sexuales y anticonceptivas de los adolescentes, mediante calendarios mes a mes para los dos años previos a la entrevista. Los resultados muestran que algunos rasgos de las dinámicas de pareja en la adolescencia –tales como el patrón de corta duración, la alta prevalencia de relaciones casuales, el breve periodo de cortejo previo al involucramiento sexual y la limitada protección anticonceptiva– aumentan la vulnera­bilidad de los adolescentes ante los riesgos en la salud. Sin embargo, otras características como las relaciones de pareja esporádicas, la alta prevalencia de relaciones de pareja no sexuales, y por tanto, una actividad sexual poco frecuente, limitan su exposición real a riesgos en la salud, especialmente en la adolescencia temprana o intermedia. Se encontró también una elevada continuidad en las prácticas anticonceptivas a lo largo de sus sucesivas relaciones de pareja. AbstractThis article analyzes adolescent sexual and contraceptive practices within the broader context of partnership dynamics, i.e. how frequently, with whom, for how long and under what conditions of commitment, exclusivity and sexual involvement, do adolescents establish partnerships. The data used were collected in a specially designed survey carried out in May 2000 among 1,438 adolescent males aged 13-19 in several favelas of Recife, Brazil. The survey collected detailed partnership, sexual and contraceptive histories in the form of month-by-month calendars for the two years prior to the interview. The results show that some features of adolescent partnership dynamics, such as short duration patterns, high prevalence of casual relationships, brief courtship before sexual involve­ment and limited contraceptive protection, enhance adolescents' vulnerability to health risks. However, other features, such as sporadic dating, high prevalence of nonsexual partnerships, and hence relatively infrequent and intermittent sexual intercourse, limit their actual exposure to health risks, particularly in early and middle adolescence. Con­siderable continuity in contraceptive protection across successive partnerships is also found.

Although many indicators reflect the marked retreat from marriage occurring in Spain since the 1980s, the diffusion of cohabitation has been slow. The confluence of very low and late fertility, latest‐late marriage, and low cohabitation has been largely regarded as defying the predictions of the second demographic transition and has fueled a debate over the distinctiveness of the Mediterranean model of family formation. Comparative analyses based on the Family and Fertility Survey documented the marginal role of cohabitation in Spain and in the rest of southern European countries by the mid‐1990s. In this research, the authors used more recent data from the 2006 Spanish Fertility, Family and Values Survey (N = 5,750) to reveal that cohabitation has spread significantly among younger cohorts and hence can no longer be considered as playing a marginal role in the family formation process.

The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 320116 for the research project FamiliesAndSocieties. We also acknowledge funds from the Academy of Finland (decision number 275030 and 293103) and the German Science Foundation (KR 2855/3–1 and TR 457/7–1). ; Objective: This paper studies postseparation fertility behavior. The aim is to investigate whether, and if so how, separation affects second birth spacing in Western European countries. Methods: This analysis makes use of rich survey data from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, as well as from Finnish register data. We thus cover the behavior of a large proportion of the population of Western Europe. We also use descriptive measures, such as Kaplan‒Meier survival functions and cumulative incidence curves. In the multivariate analysis, we employ event history modeling to show how education relates to postseparation fertility behavior. Results: There are large differences in postseparation fertility behavior across European countries. For Spain and Italy, we find that only a negligibly small proportion of the population have a second child after separating from the other parent of the firstborn child. The countries with the highest proportion of second children with a new partner are the United Kingdom, Germany, and Finland. In all countries, separation after first birth leads to a sharp increase in the birth interval between first and second births. Contribution: Our study is a contribution to the demographic literature that aims at understanding birth spacing patterns in Western Europe. Furthermore, we draw attention to the role of postseparation policies in explaining country differences in fertility behavior in contemporary societies. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

Objective: This paper studies postseparation fertility behavior. The aim is to investigate whether, and if so how, separation affects second birth spacing in Western European countries. Methods: This analysis makes use of rich survey data from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, as well as from Finnish register data. We thus cover the behavior of a large proportion of the population of Western Europe. We also use descriptive measures, such as Kaplan¿Meier survival functions and cumulative incidence curves. In the multivariate analysis, we employ event history modeling to show how education relates to postseparation fertility behavior. Results: There are large differences in postseparation fertility behavior across European countries. For Spain and Italy, we find that only a negligibly small proportion of the population have a second child after separating from the other parent of the firstborn child. The countries with the highest proportion of second children with a new partner are the United Kingdom, Germany, and Finland. In all countries, separation after first birth leads to a sharp increase in the birth interval between first and second births. Contribution: Our study is a contribution to the demographic literature that aims at understanding birth spacing patterns in Western Europe. Furthermore, we draw attention to the role of postseparation policies in explaining country differences in fertility behavior in contemporary societies. ; The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 320116 for the research project FamiliesAndSocieties. We also acknowledge funds from the Academy of Finland (decision number 275030 and 293103) and the German Science Foundation (KR 2855/3–1 and TR 457/7–1). This paper was presented at the Annual Conference of the Population Association of America (PAA) in San Diego in April 2015 and at the IUSSP-International Seminar "Separation, Divorce, Repartnering and Remarriage around the World" in Montreal in May 2015. We are grateful for the many valuable comments that we received at these meetings. We would particularly like to thank Elizabeth Thomson and Trude Lappegård for their insightful input. For language editing, we are grateful to Renée Lüskow and Lena Klein. Any remaining errors are ours