Suchergebnisse

Die südafrikanische Armee (SADF) befindet sich in einer Krise. Die Ursachen liegen u.a. in der militärischen Niederlage in Angola 1987, einem gravierenden Mangel an Kampfflugzeugen und anderen hochwertigen Waffen (eine Folge des Waffenembargos), Meutereien in Bantustan-Truppen (Bophuthatswana, Transkei) und unter schwarzen Polizisten, zunehmende Wehrdienstverweigerung unter den weißen Südafrikanern. (DÜI-Fwr)

THIS PAPER IS INTENDED TO DISCUSS THE UPPER HOUSE OF THE PARLIAMENT OF BARBADOS, AND TO GIVE A BRIEF OUTLINE OF ITS HISTORY. APPENDED ALSO ARE BRIEF SUMMARIES OF THE MAIN FEATURES OF SOME OF THE OTHER CARIBBEAN COMMONWEALTH TERRITORIES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO SECOND CHAMBERS.

Britain's 2016 vote to leave the EU was the most momentous democratic decision ever made in British history. No development since the Second World War is likely to have more far-reaching consequences for the British economy, society, politics and culture. Some predict it will lead eventually to the break-up of the UK, others to the end of the EU, others to an enhanced likelihood of war in Europe and beyond. The vote to leave took just a single day, but the decision to call the referendum followed several months of agonising in No. 10, while the ground for Britain's departure was sown over many, many years. When Britain entered the EU in 1973, it was known as 'the sick man of Europe'. When it voted to leave in 2016, it had the fastest-growing economy in the G7,and it was both the world's top soft power and one of its most creative and tolerant nations. Why have we risked all this? Ask the guilty men, who, for reasons of personal gain, misplaced ideology or sheer folly, have jeopardised all our futures.--

Title Page -- Dedication -- Epigraph -- Contents -- Chapter I: The Warning from Cato the Younger -- Chapter II: The Beach at Dunkirk: The Beach at Kos -- Chapter III: From the Sick Man of Europe to the World's Fifth Strongest Economy and its Top Soft Power, 1973-2016 -- Chapter IV: Towards the Edge of a Precipice -- Chapter V: World Wars I and II: The Genesis, 1915-1955 -- Chapter VI: Britain's Late and Mangled Joining, 1955-1975 -- Chapter VII: The Emergence of the Single Currency, 1979-1992 -- Chapter VIII: The Twilight Years of Thatcher, 1990-2013 -- Chapter IX: John Major's Bastards, 1990-1997 -- Chapter X: Baloney and Bananas, 1990-2015 -- Chapter XI: Blair Ducks the Advocacy, 1997-2007 -- Chapter XII: Blinkered Brussels, 1985-2015 -- Chapter XIII: Tory Implosion, 1997-2010 -- Chapter XIV: The Rise of Nationalistic Populism, 2005-2016 -- Chapter XV: Multiple Referendum Errors, 2013-2016 -- Chapter XVI: The Foaming of the Press Barons, 2015-2016 -- Chapter XVII: Campaign Follies, February-June 2016 -- Chapter XVIII: Campaign Deceits and Distortions, 2015-2016 -- Chapter XIX: Crapulent Corbyn and the Implosion of Labour, 2015-2016 -- Chapter XX: Berlin, Brussels, and Paris: Failure of Imagination, 2015-2016 -- Envoi -- Chronology -- Appendix: The Warning from Cato the Younger -- About the Author -- By the Same Author -- Copyright

This unique book develops an operational approach to preference and rationality as the author employs operators over binary relations to capture the concept of rationality. A preference is a basis of individual behavior and social judgment and is mathematically regarded as a binary relation on the set of alternatives. Traditionally, an individual/social preference is assumed to satisfy completeness and transitivity. However, each of the two conditions is often considered to be too demanding; and then, weaker rationality conditions are introduced by researchers. This book argues that the preference rationality conditions can be captured mathematically by "operators," which are mappings from the set of operators to itself. This operational approach nests traditional concepts in individual/social decision theory and clarifies the underlying formal structure of preference rationality. The author also applies his approach to welfare economics. The core problem of 'new welfare economics, ' developed by Kaldor, Hicks, and Samuelson, is the rationality of social preference. In this book the author translates the social criteria proposed by those three economists into operational forms, which provide new insights into welfare economics extending beyond 'new welfare economics.'.

Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Author -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Aim of This Book -- 1.2 Rationality of Preference -- 1.3 An Operational Interpretation of Theorems of Welfare Economics -- 1.4 What Can the Operational Approach Achieve? -- 1.5 A Historical Perspective -- 1.6 The Structure of This Book -- References -- 2 Preferences and Operators -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Binary Relations -- 2.3 Basic Results on Operators -- 2.4 Closure Operators -- 2.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3 Rationality and Operators -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Properties of Binary Relations

AbstractThis study investigates Suzumura consistency as a condition for the rationality of social preferences. A preference is said to be Suzumura-consistent when all preference cycles include only indifference relations. This condition is equivalent to transitivity in the presence of completeness, but, in general, it is substantially weaker than transitivity when preference is incomplete. Notably, Suzumura consistency is especially significant for a preference because it is necessary and sufficient for the existence of an ordering (transitive and complete preference) that is compatible with the original preference. This coherency property can be regarded as a requirement for potential rationality. In this study, we examine the implications of shifting from actual rationality to potential rationality in collective decision-making. We introduce the concept of an alternative-dependent coherent collection in order to obtain a representation of a class of Suzumura-consistent collective choice rules that satisfy the axioms imposed in Arrow's impossibility theorem. This demonstrates that the power structure to determine social choice can be alternative-dependent.

"If Frederick Douglass can escape slavery and become the person he was, there's no excuse for me not achieving my goals. What's more, self‐​reliance is one of my favorite attributes, along with individuality."

Article by Meghna Pamula Although democracy has greatly expanded globally over the past few decades, democratic backsliding has been a topic of concern over recent years. Democratic backsliding is the state-led debilitation or elimination of the institutions sustaining democracy. Democracy is made up of factors such as voting rights, freedom of the governed, and minority […]
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