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31 Pags., 4 Tabls., 1 Fig. Available online 15 September 2013. The definitive version is available at: http://link.springer.com/journal/11032 ; Advances in plant breeding through marker-assisted selection (MAS) are only possible when genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can contribute to the improvement of elite germplasm. A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed for one of the best crosses of the Spanish National Barley Breeding Program, between two six-row winter barley cultivars Orria and Plaisant. The objective of this study was to identify favourable QTLs for agronomic traits in this population, which may help to optimise breeding strategies for these and other elite materials for the Mediterranean region. A genetic linkage map was developed for 217 RILs, using 382 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, selected from the barley oligonucleotide pool assay BOPA1 and two genes. A subset of 112 RILs was evaluated for several agronomic traits over a period of 2 years at three locations, Lleida and Zaragoza (Spain) and Fiorenzuola d'Arda (Italy), for a total of five field trials. An important segregation distortion occurred during population development in the region surrounding the VrnH1 locus. A QTL for grain yield and length of growth cycle was also found at this locus, apparently linked to a differential response of the VrnH1 alleles to temperature. A total of 33 QTLs was detected, most of them for important breeding targets such as plant height and thousand-grain weight. QTL × environment interactions were prevalent for most of the QTLs detected, although most interactions were of a quantitative nature. Therefore, QTLs suitable for MAS for most traits were identified. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), who funded this work with the scholarship BES-2008-009623 (EM), and the projects AGL2010-21929, GEN2006-28560- E and RTA2009-00006-C04. The James Hutton Institute receives grant in aid from the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division. ; Peer reviewed

18 Pags.- 7 Figs.- 4 Tabls. © 2021 Puglisi, Delbono, Visioni, Ozkan, Kara, Casas, Igartua, Valè, Piero, Cattivelli, Tondelli and Fricano. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). ; Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-crosses (MAGIC) lines have mosaic genomes that are generated shuffling the genetic material of the founder parents following pre-defined crossing schemes. In cereal crops, these experimental populations have been extensively used to investigate the genetic bases of several traits and dissect the genetic bases of epistasis. In plants, genomic prediction models are usually fitted using either diverse panels of mostly unrelated accessions or individuals of biparental families and several empirical analyses have been conducted to evaluate the predictive ability of models fitted to these populations using different traits. In this paper, we constructed, genotyped and evaluated a barley MAGIC population of 352 individuals developed with a diverse set of eight founder parents showing contrasting phenotypes for grain yield. We combined phenotypic and genotypic information of this MAGIC population to fit several genomic prediction models which were cross-validated to conduct empirical analyses aimed at examining the predictive ability of these models varying the sizes of training populations. Moreover, several methods to optimize the composition of the training population were also applied to this MAGIC population and cross-validated to estimate the resulting predictive ability. Finally, extensive phenotypic data generated in field trials organized across an ample range of water regimes and climatic conditions in the Mediterranean were used to fit and cross-validate multi-environment genomic prediction models including G×E interaction, using both genomic best linear unbiased prediction and reproducing kernel Hilbert space along with a non-linear Gaussian Kernel. Overall, our empirical analyses showed that genomic prediction models trained with a limited number of MAGIC lines can be used to predict grain yield with values of predictive ability that vary from 0.25 to 0.60 and that beyond QTL mapping and analysis of epistatic effects, MAGIC population might be used to successfully fit genomic prediction models. We concluded that for grain yield, the single-environment genomic prediction models examined in this study are equivalent in terms of predictive ability while, in general, multi-environment models that explicitly split marker effects in main and environmental-specific effects outperform simpler multi-environment models. ; This research was carried out in the framework of the iBarMed project, which has been funded through the ARIMNet2 initiative and the Italian "Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies" under grant agreement "DM n. 20120." ARIMNet2 has received funding from the EU 7th Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 618127. The work was also supported by YSTEMIC_1063 (An integrated approach to the challenge of sustainable food systems: adaptive and mitigatory strategies to address climate change and malnutrition: From cereal diversity to plant breeding), a research project funded by Italian "Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies" in the frame of the Knowledge Hub on Food and Nutrition Security. ; Peer reviewed

Advances in plant breeding through marker-assisted selection (MAS) are only possible when genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can contribute to the improvement of elite germplasm. A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed for one of the best crosses of the Spanish National Barley Breeding Program, between two six-row winter barley cultivars Orria and Plaisant. The objective of this study was to identify favourable QTLs for agronomic traits in this population, which may help to optimise breeding strategies for these and other elite materials for the Mediterranean region. A genetic linkage map was developed for 217 RILs, using 382 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, selected from the barley oligonucleotide pool assay BOPA1 and two genes. A subset of 112 RILs was evaluated for several agronomic traits over a period of 2 years at three locations, Lleida and Zaragoza (Spain) and Fiorenzuola d'Arda (Italy), for a total of five field trials. An important segregation distortion occurred during population development in the region surrounding the VrnH1 locus. A QTL for grain yield and length of growth cycle was also found at this locus, apparently linked to a differential response of the VrnH1 alleles to temperature. A total of 33 QTLs was detected, most of them for important breeding targets such as plant height and thousand-grain weight. QTL × environment interactions were prevalent for most of the QTLs detected, although most interactions were of a quantitative nature. Therefore, QTLs suitable for MAS for most traits were identified. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), who funded this work with the scholarship BES-2008-009623 (EM), and the projects AGL2010-21929, GEN2006-28560-E and RTA2009-00006-C04. We thank Malcolm Macaulay and Richard Keith fortheir assistance with genotyping software and Marvin analysis respectively. The James Hutton Institute receives grant in aid from the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division.

While the general effect of CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, N content, and yield has been documented, there is still some uncertainty as to whether there are interactive effects between CO2 enrichment and other factors, such as temperature, geographical location, water availability, and cultivar. In addition, the metabolic coordination between leaves and grains, which is crucial for crop responsiveness to elevated CO2, has never been examined closely. Here, we address these two aspects by multi-level analyses of data from several free-air CO2 enrichment experiments conducted in five different countries. There was little effect of elevated CO2 on yield (except in the USA), likely due to photosynthetic capacity acclimation, as reflected by protein profiles. In addition, there was a significant decrease in leaf amino acids (threonine) and macroelements (e.g. K) at elevated CO2, while other elements, such as Mg or S, increased. Despite the non-significant effect of CO2 enrichment on yield, grains appeared to be significantly depleted in N (as expected), but also in threonine, the S-containing amino acid methionine, and Mg. Overall, our results suggest a strong detrimental effect of CO2 enrichment on nutrient availability and remobilization from leaves to grains. ; This work was supported by the Department of Industry, Energy and Innovation of the Government of Navarre (PI040 TRIGOCLIM). The technical support given by Inés Urretavizcaya, Petra Högy, and Jürgen Franzaring in harvesting and sample management is acknowledged. JC was supported by an Australia Awards PhD Scholarship. GT was supported by a Connect Talent Award from the Region Pays de la Loire – Angers Loire Metropole (France). Research at the Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment (AGFACE) facility was jointly run by the University of Melbourne and Agriculture Victoria with funding from the Grains Research and Development Corporation (under contract no. DAV00137) and the Australian Commonwealth Department of Agriculture and Water ...

The current study focuses on yield and nutritional quality changes of wheat grain over the last 166 years. It is based on wheat grain quality analyses carried out on samples collected between 1850 and 2016. Samples were obtained from the Broadbalk Continuous Wheat Experiment (UK) and from herbaria from 16 different countries around the world. Our study showed that, together with an increase in carbohydrate content, an impoverishment of mineral composition and protein content occurred. The imbalance in carbohydrate/protein content was specially marked after the 1960's, coinciding with strong increases in ambient [CO2] and temperature and the introduction of progressively shorter straw varieties. The implications of altered crop physiology are discussed. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Innovation and Universities Ministry (AGL2016-79868-R; PCIN-2017-007), BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme grants, Designing Future Wheat (BB/P016855/1) and Soil to Nutrition (S2N, BBS/E/C/00I0310), the Long-term Experiments National Capability grant (BBS/E/C/000J0300), the Lawes Agricultural Trust and the Basque Country Government consolidated group programme (IT‐932‐16). ; Peer reviewed

Incluye material complementario ; The current study focuses on yield and nutritional quality changes of wheat grain over the last 166 years. It is based on wheat grain quality analyses carried out on samples collected between 1850 and 2016. Samples were obtained from the Broadbalk Continuous Wheat Experiment (UK) and from herbaria from 16 different countries around the world. Our study showed that, together with an increase in carbohydrate content, an impoverishment of mineral composition and protein content occurred. The imbalance in carbohydrate/protein content was specially marked after the 1960's, coinciding with strong increases in ambient [CO2] and temperature and the introduction of progressively shorter straw varieties. The implications of altered crop physiology are discussed. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Innovation and Universities Ministry (AGL2016-79868-R; PCIN-2017-007), BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme grants, Designing Future Wheat (BB/P016855/1) and Soil to Nutrition (S2N, BBS/E/C/00I0310), the Long-term Experiments National Capability grant (BBS/E/C/000J0300), the Lawes Agricultural Trust and the Basque Country Government consolidated group programme (IT‐932‐16).