Suchergebnisse

Diese Studie zielte darauf ab, inwieweit die Denkstile Vorhersage der Verwendung bestimmter Lernstrategien, sowohl kognitiven und metakognitiven Jugendlichen in den Klassen vier und fünf der Schule, deren Alter waren zwischen 15 und 19 Jahren leben in einem verarmten Gebiet Limas. Zu diesem Zweck wurde die Skala der ACRA Lernstrategien und Denkensarten Inventory Sternberg - Wegner. Wir verwendeten eine lineare Regressionsanalyse mit einer schrittweisen, die als Kriterium Variablen, Beschaffungsstrategien, Programmierung, Information Retrieval und der Verarbeitung und Unterstützung als Prädiktoren, die Denkstile Legislative, Exekutive und Judikative. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Denkensarten Exekutive und Judikative prognostiziert eine bessere Nutzung der kognitiven Strategien und metakognitiven Lernen. So prognostiziert das Exekutive Art die Verwendung von Annahme und Informationswiedergabe Strategien, während das gerichtliche Art bessere Nutzung der Codierung Strategien und Informationsverarbeitung zu unterstützen vorhersagt. ; The purpose of this paper is to clarify to what extent the ways of thinking predicts the use of specific learning strategies, cognitive as well as metacognitive in High school 4th and 5 grade adolescents whose ages range between 15 and 19 years old living in poor areas in Lima. For this research, the ACRA learning strategies' scale was applied and the inventory of learning styles by Sternberg – Wegner.A linear regression analysis was used with a stepwise procedure; being the acquisition strategies, encoding, information gathering and processing support the criteria variables; and legislative, executive and judicial thinking styles the predicting variables. The results showed that the executive and judicial thinking styles predicted the use of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies better. And this way, the executive style predicts the use of acquisition and information gathering strategies, while the judicial style predicts the use of information encoding strategies and processing support better ; El objetivo del estudio es clarificar en qué medida los estilos de pensamiento predicen la utilización de determinadas estrategias de aprendizaje, tanto cognitivas como metacognitivas en adolescentes de cuarto y quinto grado de educación secundaria cuyas edades estaban comprendidas entre los 15 y 19 años residentes en una zona empobrecida de Lima Metropolitana. Para tal efecto se aplicó la Escala de Estrategias de Aprendizaje ACRA y el Inventario de Estilos de Pensamiento de Sternberg - Wegner. Se utilizó un análisis de regresión lineal con un procedimiento Stepwise; actuando como variables criterio, las estrategias de adquisición, codificación, recuperación de la información, y apoyo al procesamiento y, como variables predictoras, los estilos de pensamiento legislativo, ejecutivo y judicial. Los resultados evidenciaron que los estilos de pensamiento, ejecutivo y judicial predecían de mejor manera la utilización de estrategias de aprendizaje cognitivas y metacognitivas. Es así que el estilo ejecutivo predice el empleo de estrategias de adquisición y recuperación de información, mientras que el estilo judicial predice mejor la utilización de estrategias de codificación de la información y apoyo al procesamiento.

Abstract
This commentary addresses the post-COVID-19 syndrome and its implications for workers' health. Post-COVID-19 syndrome consists of a set of physiological and psychological symptoms resulting from SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection, which occur continuously for several weeks or months. Therefore, it is an affectation that has multiple consequences for the recovery of people's health, and compromises the ability to perform daily activities, including work, whether in person or remotely. Although several studies have been published so far, and several long-term consequences on people's health have been demonstrated, most have not adequately delved into the implications for the health of workers, their families, and the socioeconomic cost for governments. The aim of this paper is to highlight this public health issue and to encourage more specialized research.

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only had health, economic, and political impacts, but also significant psychosocial and mental health consequences worldwide. In this article, different documentation and studies on mental health were analyzed, with the aim of identifying the various problems detected during the pandemic. Methodologically, a narrative and integrative review of the scientific literature was carried out. In Latin America, the most recent studies have documented and made patent effects on the various vulnerized populations such as migrants, women, children, the elderly, people living with significant disabilities, people experiencing marked housing and food insecurity, and temporary workers laboring in what has been referred to as the informal economy. In light of this, it is proposed that addressing these issues should involve the coordination of transnational policies and the definition of an agenda of critical priorities to focus and address. For this to come about, it is important that the empirical evidence generated by regional epidemiological studies contribute to the design of public policies on mental health of the Latin American population, so that they reduce the negative effects as well as prevent the future consequences of a pandemic that is not yet over. ; La pandemia por el COVID-19 no sólo ha generado diversos impactos en materia de salud, economía y política, sino también importantes consecuencias psicosociales y de salud mental en el mundo. En este trabajo, se analizaron diferentes documentaciones y estudios sobre salud mental, con el objetivo de recuperar las diversas problemáticas detectadas durante la pandemia. Metodológicamente se realizó una revisión narrativa e integrativa de la literatura científica. En América Latina los estudios más recientes comienzan a visualizar diferentes afectaciones sobre las diversas poblaciones vulneralizadas: migrantes, mujeres, niños, los ancianos, personas quienes viven con una discapacidad significativa, personas en situación de calle, trabajadores informales, etc. Frente a este panorama, se plantea que el abordaje de estas cuestiones deberá contar con la coordinación de políticas trasnacionales y la definición de una agenda de prioridades críticas a focalizar y atender. Para esto resulta importante que la evidencia empírica generada por los estudios epidemiológicos regionales contribuya al diseño de las políticas públicas sobre salud mental de la población latinoamericana, de modo que las mismas logren reducir los efectos negativos como también puedan prevenir las consecuencias futuras de una pandemia que todavía no ha finalizado. ; The COVID-19 pandemic has not only had health, economic, and political impacts, but also significant psychosocial and mental health consequences worldwide. In this article, different documentation and studies on mental health were analyzed, with the aim of identifying the various problems detected during the pandemic. Methodologically, a narrative and integrative review of the scientific literature was carried out. In Latin America, the most recent studies have documented and made patent effects on the various vulnerized populations such as migrants, women, children, the elderly, people living with significant disabilities, people experiencing marked housing and food insecurity, and temporary workers laboring in what has been referred to as the informal economy. In light of this, it is proposed that addressing these issues should involve the coordination of transnational policies and the definition of an agenda of critical priorities to focus and address. For this to come about, it is important that the empirical evidence generated by regional epidemiological studies contribute to the design of public policies on mental health of the Latin American population, so that they reduce the negative effects as well as prevent the future consequences of a pandemic that is not yet over.

Background: Pandemic fatigue generates low motivation or the ability to comply with protective behaviors to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the symptoms of pandemic fatigue through network analysis in individuals from five South American countries. Method: A total of 1,444 individuals from Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay participated and were evaluated using the Pandemic Fatigue Scale. The networks were estimated using the ggmModSelect estimation method and a polychoric correlation matrix was used. Stability assessment of the five networks was performed using the nonparametric resampling method based on the case bootstrap type. For the estimation of network centrality, a metric based on node strength was used, whereas network comparison was performed using a permutation-based approach. Results: The results showed that the relationships between pandemic fatigue symptoms were strongest in the demotivation dimension. Variability in the centrality of pandemic fatigue symptoms was observed among participating countries. Finally, symptom networks were invariant and almost identical across participating countries. Conclusions: This study is the first to provide information on how pandemic fatigue symptoms were related during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Positive mental health includes not only the absence of mental disorders but also the presence of subjective well-being, good coping strategies for life stress, and strategies for adapting to community life. It is well known that the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged mental health in general population worldwide. However, research has not measured protective factors for mental health in the general population after the declared end of pandemic by the World Health Organization. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study surveyed 591 Paraguayan participants aged ⩾18 years, who were recruited through an online survey. Demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status were collected as well as mental health and validated tools for hope, resilience, subjective happiness were administered. Results: Of the participants, 81.6% were women, 54% were married or in a relationship and 90.7% reported an university education. The main source of stress was economic issues (30.3%). A total of 22.7% had been previously diagnosed with a mental disorder, 22.2% had consulted a mental health professional and 10.8% had consumed prescription drugs. 42.6% reported flourishing, 36.2% reported moderate and 21.2% reported languishing mental health. Conclusions: This large survey has shown that most of participants reported a flourishing mental health with high ratings at hope, resilience, and subjective happiness scales. Also, the main sources of stress were economic issues, not consequently related to the pandemic. This may add evidences to the international debate on the long term effects of the global pandemic and probably suggests that recovery processes have been collectively adopted in Paraguay.

Background: The number of suicides has been increasing worldwide, year after year, becoming the fourth leading cause of death among young people between 15 and 29 years of age. Aim: In this study, we explored the frequency and characteristics of suicides among the adult general population in Paraguay between 2004 and 2022, considering that suicide attempts and suicidal risk/ideation are frequent and relevant issues in the consultation activity, even if epidemiological evidence on the national rates of suicide is scarce. Methods: In this observational, descriptive, and exploratory study, official records of all deaths by suicide were reviewed and information analyzed. In addition, an attempt was made to predict the number of suicides in the next 5 years according to a mathematical modeling. Results: In the 18-year period, 5,527 suicides of adults were recorded. Patients' mean age was 36.8 ± 17 years old. A 76.77% of them were males, 77.44% were from an urban area and 25.98% from the Greater Asunción and Central Department of Paraguay. The most frequently used method of suicide was intentional self-inflicted injury by hanging, strangulation, or suffocation (all 67.6%). The expected number of national suicides in the following years from 2023 to 2027 will range between 462 and 530. Limitations include the lack of information regarding diagnoses and personal history in the suicide reports as well as the possibility of underreporting of national suicide cases. Conclusion: Our results represent the first large national epidemiological report of suicides in Paraguay and may be of interest for mental health professionals and health authorities in order to reduce the suicide mortality rate within the country.