Suchergebnisse

In developing countries, labour markets play a central role indetermining economic and social progress since employmentstatus is a key determinant to exiting poverty and promotinginclusion. While governments are increasingly prioritizingpolicies which promote decent work, a better understandingis needed of the often complex relationship between labourmarkets and development.

Introduction: The case for labour market institutions in transition countries -- Labour market development in the 1990s : an overview of the transition countries -- Changing characteristics of employment --Labour market dynamics in the 1990s : a comparative analysis -- The impact of EPL [employment protection legislation] on labour market outcomes : evidence from transition and Western industrialized countries -- The role of labour market institutions, social dialogue and labour taxation -- Policy conclusions

Social Protection and European Economic Integration
In fhe future, the problems faced by the European schemes of social protection will become more acute: the ageing of the population and the growing health expenditures will place increased pressure on national schemes. At the same time, the completion of the single European market after 1992, could have implications for the conduct of social policy in member countries of the European Community (EC): for example, the impact of significant differences beetween social benefits on the movement of people and firms within the EC — countries with the least social protection would attract more businesses and, in the opposite direction, workers would tend to leave them. At a macro-economic level, these tendencies could make the difficulties of financing increasing social transfers more acute particulary in the currently most generous countries. As the future of European social protection depends crucially on those effects, a clear distinction of both constraints is needed for interpreting the « principle of subsidiarity » and for achieving a Social Europe.

The past few decades have witnessed the economic and geopolitical rise of a number of large middle-income countries around the world, which have to varying degrees embarked on a rapid path to economic development. This volume focuses on the labour market situations, trends and regulations in these emerging economies, examining how they have dealt with both short-term issues, namely the global financial crisis, and longer-term structural challenges. Despite the economic progress made, improvements in the labour market have not been as impressive. Informality, working poverty and vulnerable employment continue to be the norm for most workers in these countries. Part I of the volume compares labour market trends and the institutional and regulatory environments, referencing a range of countries including China and India. Part II includes in-depth case studies of Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa and Turkey. Overall, the volume shows that countries with effective policies and institutions in place are better equipped to tackle labour market challenges.

Abstract.Based on Eurostat data on wage employment for the period 1999–2006, this article investigates the dynamics of job tenure across the European Union. The authors' analysis shows no generalized decline in job tenure, but a trend towards shorter tenure among young workers (aged 15–24 years) in many European countries. Their regression results indicate that this trend is associated with the weakening of employment protection provided by law and by trade unions. Given young workers' weak individual bargaining power, the trend towards individualization of the employment relationship may thus affect them disproportionately.

Resumen.Los autores estudian la antigüedad en la empresa en toda la Unión Europea con datos relativos al período 1999–2006. La antigüedad no descendió durante esos años en muchos países europeos, con una excepción: los trabajadores de 15 a 24 años de edad. Según el análisis de regresión que efectúan, ello guarda relación con el debilitamiento de las leyes de empleo y de los sindicatos. Dado que los trabajadores jóvenes tienen poca capacidad de negociar personalmente sus condiciones laborales, la individualización de la relación de trabajo puede perjudicarles más que al resto.

Résumé.S'appuyant sur les données d'Eurostat pour la période 1999–2006, les auteurs étudient l'évolution de l'ancienneté dans l'emploi des salariés de l'Union européenne. Ils n'observent pas de baisse généralisée de cette ancienneté, mais un raccourcissement tendanciel parmi les jeunes travailleurs (15–24 ans) dans de nombreux pays. Leurs résultats montrent que cette tendance est associée à une plus faible protection de l'emploi conférée et par le droit et par la présence de syndicats. Etant donné le faible pouvoir de négociation individuelle des jeunes travailleurs, la tendance à une plus forte individualisation des relations d'emploi pourrait, en effet, plus particulièrement les toucher.