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AbstractThe Greek island of Lesvos is a holiday destination that became the main entry point for forced migrants to Europe during 2015 and 2016. These circumstances of disruptive societal change are used as the basis for developing a causal and dynamic model that creates public value in institutional voids.The clash between a holiday location and a humanitarian-ecological disaster and the fact that volunteers were the frontline response at the border of the EU in a politically complex situation made this, at the time, a very special case. The attention of celebrities and the media, Lesvos' geographical proximity to Turkey, the historical conflicts between the two neighbouring countries, the lack of interaction between local people and the involvement of international NGOs spurred conflicts between various actors, causing social fragmentation on the island.The model identifies the core aspects of strengthening social capital and building trust to counter such societal fragmentation. Following Archer's morphogenetic approach as a meta-concept, and the identification of causalities for understanding the social dynamics on Lesvos as a starting point, an extended version of Moore's public value concept was used to build the empirical basis for the development of the model.The model presented can be used to distinguish between three very separate pathways of creating public value. I call this public value (PV) outcome creation. These pathways are described separately by using causal loop diagrams (CLDs). When aligned, they suggest a causal understanding of how adaptive leadership and collaborative governance can be a core element and a generative mechanism of social change that creates public value.Although the paper draws on a case study that is relevant to migration studies, it is not a migration study, but rather an attempt to use and improve "social-theory reflection" by applying a systems thinking approach as we embark on addressing public value creation, social problems and social-systems transformation (in institutional voids).

Kiel es un caso especial en cuanto a la política cultural. Al contrario que en gran parte de las ciudades alemanas medianas, la política cultural ha cobrado una gran importancia y está relacionada con la idea de posicionar Kiel como «ciudad creativa». Parece que hay unanimidad en que toda la ciudad de Kiel tenga un gran potencial para la creatividad, la cual, sin embargo, aún no está agotada. Este texto ofrece una visión de conjunto y su objetivo es averiguar de dónde proviene esta excepcional posición de Kiel. Asimismo, se identifica la decisión estratégica para aplicar una aproximación de ciudad creativa, se centra en las industrias creativas como un hito, se hace una mayor aproximación a la ciudad creativa y se propicia cada vez más una iniciativa impulsada por los ciudadanos. La integración política en un sistema de muchos niveles, el carácter sociocultural de la ciudad y la influencia de los institutos de enseñanza superior ofrecen enfoques explicativos. ; Kiel is a special case in terms of cultural policy: Unlike in most other medium-sized German cities, cultural policy has become highly relevant and is linked with the idea of positioning Kiel as an "creative city". There seems to be an unanimity that the city of Kiel as a whole has a great deal of potential for creativity, which, however, has not yet been exhausted. The following text gives an overview and tries to find out where this unique position of Kiel comes from. It has identified the strategic decision to apply a creative city approach, while focusing on creative industries as a milestone, taking a wider approach to the creative city, increasingly fostering citizen driven initiative. Explanatory approaches are offered by the political integration into a multi level system, the socio-cultural character of the city, as well as the influence of the institutes of higher education.

Kiel es un caso especial en cuanto a la política cultural. Al contrario que en gran parte de las ciudades alemanas medianas, la política cultural ha cobrado una gran importancia y está relacionada con la idea de posicionar Kiel como «ciudad creativa». Parece que hay unanimidad en que toda la ciudad de Kiel tenga un gran potencial para la creatividad, la cual, sin embargo, aún no está agotada. Este texto ofrece una visión de conjunto y su objetivo es averiguar de dónde proviene esta excepcional posición de Kiel. Asimismo, se identifica la decisión estratégica para aplicar una aproximación de ciudad creativa, se centra en las industrias creativas como un hito, se hace una mayor aproximación a la ciudad creativa y se propicia cada vez más una iniciativa impulsada por los ciudadanos. La integración política en un sistema de muchos niveles, el carácter sociocultural de la ciudad y la influencia de los institutos de enseñanza superior ofrecen enfoques explicativos. Palabras clave: Kiel; política cultural; ciudad creativa; clase creativa; cohesión social. Cultural policy for what? Kiel's cultural policy between city development, social cohesion and intrinsic values Abstract: Kiel is a special case in terms of cultural policy: Unlike in most other medium-sized German cities, cultural policy has become highly relevant and is linked with the idea of positioning Kiel as an "creative city". There seems to be an unanimity that the city of Kiel as a whole has a great deal of potential for creativity, which, however, has not yet been exhausted. The following text gives an overview and tries to find out where this unique position of Kiel comes from. It has identified the strategic decision to apply a creative city approach, while focusing on creative industries as a milestone, taking a wider approach to the creative city, increasingly fostering citizen driven initiative. Explanatory approaches are offered by the political integration into a multi level system, the socio-cultural character of the city, as well as the influence of the institutes of higher education. Keywords: Kiel; cultural policy; creative city; creative class; social cohesion. Artículo recibido: 14/10/2021. Revisado: 19/10/2021. Aceptado: 28/10/2021