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PurposeThe article aims at improving the authors' understanding on how international organizations function by shedding light on management reforms at the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The article shows the characteristics of the performance management system implemented at the OECD, the main obstacles encountered, adaptations addressing the low measurability of policy advice activities and other issues.Design/methodology/approachWhile multilateral collaboration could be an effective way to contrast several wicked problems, the global actors face multiple legitimacy and financial challenges. This makes understanding the way they function of outmost importance. Unfortunately, public management and administration research, while steadily grown around the reform efforts of national governments, has neglected the global level. The article addresses this literature gap through the in-depth analysis of a case study aimed at exploring the unfamiliar international organizations context. It relies on two literature streams: performance management and network management. The collaborative nature of international organizations makes the latter particularly useful.FindingsAmong the various public administration types, international organizations providing policy advise display several features that make performance measurement more difficult. The OECD case study analysis offers several insights into other international institutions struggling with managerial reforms in an effort to address legitimacy and financial issues. It shows that implementing a performance management system is possible and necessary to sustain the support of member countries and ensure a well-functioning multilateral system.Research limitations/implicationsThe single case study offers only limited and analytical generalizability of the findings.Practical implicationsResearch on international organizations could help to unveil implementation obstacles or undesired effects of management reforms in other coping and networked organizations.Originality/valueThe article investigates the OECD, which is one of the less studied among the many global multilateral institutions. Other original features include the adoption of a public management approach to the study international organizations and the focus on network performance, a recent topic in the network management literature.

This article provides an overview of corruption and state capture in Albanian public administration and describes the solutions adopted to fight corruption by the government since 1998. Conflict of interest is a new aspect of concern in the policy agendas. OECD countries have recently adopted guidelines for managing the phenomenon, which will be then transferred to eastern European countries. Corruption is rarely treated as a management problem, in part because for obvious reasons as data are scarce and in part because the literature is thin and tentative, with few theoretical frameworks. Also rare is analysis of how corruption has been or might be reduced. The state of research on corruption is such that there is little inductive theory or statistical evidence about the kinds of policies that work under particular conditions.

The paper presents a statistical analysis exploring public administration education at Italian universities. It aims at verifying whether the administrative law approach to university- based public administration teaching is still prevalent in Italy. The research also highlights the main specificities of public administration education in Italy with reference to the disciplinary character, the geographical distribution, the type and level of PA programmes, etc. Information from 204 faculties of 72 universities has been gathered and 2,198 education programmes at different levels have been registered and classified. Overall evidence suggests that the legal cluster, including but not limited to administrative law, is not the prevalent approach in teaching public administration in Italy. The public cluster – mainly political sciences and public economy approach – is widespread at Italian universities. Furthermore, there isa strong, yet more recent, development of the managerial approach. ; U radu se predstavlja statistička analiza obrazovanja za javnu upravu na talijanskim sveučilištima. Cilj rada jest potvrditi da u Italiji na sveučilišnim studijima javne uprave još uvijek prevladava upravno-pravni pristup, kao što navodi literatura. Nadalje, želi se utvrditi do koje su se mjere razvile ostale discipline s područja javne uprave. Istraživanje skreće pozornost na glavne posebnosti obrazovanja za javnu upravu u Italiji s obzirom na obilježja discipline, geografsku raspodijeljenost, tip i stupanj obrazovnih programa za javnu upravu, itd. Opisuje se način na koji sveučilišta prilagođavaju kurikulume okolnostima modernizacije javnog sektora tako da se uspoređuju glavni fakulteti na kojima se predaju programi vezani za javnu upravu (ekonomski fakulteti i fakulteti za menadžment, pravni fakulteti, političke znanosti, društvene znanosti, itd.) svih talijanskih sveučilišta. Prikupljeni su podaci s 204 fakulteta koji su dio 72 sveučilišta te se pronašlo i razvrstalo 2198 obrazovnih programa svih razina. Utvrđeno je da pravna skupina predmeta, uključujući i upravno pravo (ali ne samo njega), nije dominantna u pristupu nastavi javne uprave u Italiji. Naprotiv, na talijanskim sveučilištima prevladava pristup obilježen disciplinama poput političkih znanosti i ekonomije javnog sektora. Konačno, nedavno se počeo razvijati i menadžerski pristup obrazovanju za javnu upravu.

Résumé Les programmes de doctorat en administration publique (AP), même s'ils contribuent au développement de l'aspect humain du secteur public et s'ils sont responsables de la production de producteurs de connaissances, font l'objet de moins d'études que les autres niveaux d'enseignement. Une récente étude comparative attribue des différences aux cultures administratives des pays. Notre article entend passer en revue la « situation » de l'enseignement doctoral de l'AP en Italie en s'appuyant sur l'hypothèse selon laquelle les différences au niveau de la nature, de l'orientation et de l'intensité du changement sont aussi influencées par les différentes approches disciplinaires. Nous nous sommes essentiellement fondés sur des entretiens semi-structurés, réalisés entre janvier et mai 2010 avec les directeurs de quatorze programmes de doctorat représentant différentes disciplines. Parmi les défis communs, citons le caractère insuffisant et imprévisible des financements, le problème de l'envergure limitée, la pression en faveur de l'internationalisation et l'absence d'interdisciplinarité. Nous soutenons que des différences majeures existent entre les disciplines en termes d'ouverture internationale et de stratégies connexes, d'importance des formations basées sur un programme d'études et de stratégies de collaboration. Notre enquête propose une première évaluation des réformes passées et soulève quelques questions restées ouvertes : les doctorats en AP sont aujourd'hui caractérisés par des programmes davantage structurés, qui dénotent par leur petite taille ; des stratégies de collaboration apparaissent, même si elles sont entravées par des charges administratives et les comportements autocratiques. Remarques à l'intention des praticiens Nos résultats ont plusieurs implications stratégiques et opérationnelles :1) Ils offrent aux directeurs de doctorat en AP des informations comparatives sur les stratégies les plus avancées adoptées pour faire face aux défis actuels et futurs ; le fait d'avoir adopté une approche disciplinaire plutôt qu'une approche par pays rend nos conclusions potentiellement pertinentes pour d'autres pays également ; 2) Les programmes doctoraux (et les titulaires de doctorats) tiennent de plus en plus compte du marché de l'emploi global ; pour les programmes de doctorat en AP, les besoins du secteur public vont devoir être pris davantage en considération, de même que l'établissement de différentes formes de coopération ; d'autre part, dans le secteur public, il faut s'efforcer de tirer au mieux parti des personnes titulaires d'un doctorat ; 3)En outre, étant donné que « le monde de la pratique s'est insinué dans le cénacle du monde universitaire : la recherche doctorale » (Pollitt, 2006 : 258), les gestionnaires publics participant à des programmes de doctorat (ou disposés à le faire) pourront y trouver des informations intéressantes sur les types d'enseignement doctoral et les évolutions prévues dans ce domaine en fonction des différentes disciplines ; 4) Enfin, notre enquête offre aux décideurs et aux gestionnaires publics associés à la réforme de l'enseignement supérieur des informations intéressantes.

PhD programmes in public administration (PA), although contributing to the development of the human side of the public sector and being responsible for the production of the producers of knowledge, are less investigated than other levels of education. Recent comparative research ascribes differences to the countries' administrative cultures. The article aims at reviewing the 'state of play' of PA doctoral education in Italy, building on the hypothesis that differences in the nature, direction and intensity of change are also influenced by the different disciplinary approaches. The primary source of evidence is semi-structured interviews with the directors of 14 PhD programmes representing different disciplines, conducted from January to May 2010. Common challenges include the insufficient and unpredictable funding, the small scale problem, the pressure to internationalize and the lack of interdisciplinarity. The article argues that major differences exist among disciplines in terms of international openness and related strategies, relevance of curricula training and collaboration strategies. The survey provides a first evaluation of past reforms and raises some open issues: PhDs in PA are now characterized by more structured programmes that are held back by their small size; collaboration strategies are emerging although they are hindered by administrative burdens and autarchic behaviour. Points for practitioners The results have several policy and operational implications: they provide benchmark information to PA PhD directors on the state of the art of the strategies adopted to cope with current and future challenges. Having adopted the disciplinary rather than the country focus makes the conclusions potentially relevant also for other countries. Doctoral programmes (and doctorate holders) are increasingly considering the wider job market. For PhD programmes in PA this will require more attention to the public sector needs and the establishment of different forms of cooperation. On the other hand, in the public sector, attempts should be made to make the most of people holding doctoral degrees. Furthermore, as 'the world of practice has crept into the inner sanctum of academia: doctoral research' (Pollitt, 2006: 258), public managers attending PhD programmes (or willing to do so) may find interesting insights on the types and expected developments of doctoral education according to the different disciplines. Finally, the survey offers useful indications to policy-makers and public managers engaged in the reform of the higher education.

1. Introduction -- 2. Roles, types, and definitions of international organizations -- 3. Aims and methods of the study -- 4. Legitimacy and other reform drivers -- 5. Management reforms and international organizations -- 6. Performance management: a theoretical framework -- 7. Analysis and comparison of the case studies: the European Union -- 8. Analysis and comparison of the case studies: the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

AbstractSince the New Administration perspective was introduced by Dwight Waldo, equity has played a key role in public administration and public policy studies. Much research has focused on employment, politics, jurisprudence, voting and many other issues, while neglecting the role of public services. As gross societal inequities in the world still abound, this article aims at mapping the structure of the knowledge on equity in public services as well as the main conceptualizations and determinants of equity. Quantitative (bibliometrix) and qualitative (narrative) analyses are combined in the analysis of 145 articles from 69 journals. The greatest concentration areas and main drivers of equity (i.e., representative bureaucracy, administrative burden, horizontal and vertical decentralization, privatization, co‐production and performance management) are identified. The review contributes to the advancement of social equity in public administration scholarship and practice by improving the conceptual clarity of the term and by mapping the various literature streams.