Suchergebnisse

The emergence of ISIL or ISIS, the Sunni militia, has shocked the Muslim World, including Indonesia. ISIS is the ultra jihadist for global terrorism. ISIS is also a translation from the Arabic, Ad-Daulah Islamiyah fi al-Iraq wa Ash-Sham. Some call it as Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which specifically has a different coverage area. The term includes the Sham or the Levant region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Euphrates River that the country coverage includes Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Israel. The term Syria confined to the state of modern Syria that is currently in conflict. In this case, the involvement of hundreds Indonesians in the ISIS in the Middle East region is not new because previously, there is a precedent that some Indonesian citizens in the past had involvement in conflicts abroad when US President Jimmy Carter used the CIA to weaken the power of the Soviets in Afghanistan. In responding the ISIS networkers and followers in Indonesia, the Jakarta government and Muslim organizations like Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Muhammadiyah have launched action and campaign for pluralism, peace, non-violence and civil Islam. The campaign by NU and Muhammadiyah for an open-minded and pluralistic Islam also comes in a time when Islam is at war with itself over central theological questions about how the faith defined in the modern era.

As a religion, Islam provides values, ethics, norms and guidelines, but not a quick panacea, for Islam and democracy in Indonesia. So it is very important for Islamic scholars, leaders and Muslim intelligentsia to make their people be aware and conscious that the fundamentalism, radicalism and violence are the wrong answer at the wrong time to address the problems. Fundamentalism and radicalism with violent face are not the answer to tackle the poverty, social crisis, environmental crisis, global inequities and various multi-dimensional problems in recent years. Islam will be come in handy, useful and meaningful if it can make a real contribution as values, ethics, morals, ideas, thoughts, solutions and philosophy for the communities in addressing the real issues, so that Islam would be menaningful and useful in overcoming radicalism and fundamnetalism. Will Indonesian Islam be capable and credible in dealing with this challenge? It depends on its leader and 'ulamā's.

The Iran-US agreement on nuclear power has made watershed in Iran-West relations, in which all of nuclear weapons of Iran should be disconnected and frozen so that only the Israelis held a nuclear power in the Middle East.Teheran always says its nuclear activities are for peaceful purposes. Nowadays the international sanctions on Iranian lifted, and Iran is more powerfull to enhance its posture in international arena.This agreement has caused ideological anxiety among the Wahabis with implications that the Wahabis are not happy and they do not like with the strengthening of Iran politically and culturally in globalized world. The Wahabis' Ideological interests will be erodedto a certain degree with the agreement which would seriously divide the Islamic world by by Sunni-Shia rivalry. However, the rise of Turkey which competed with Iran and Saudi in the political arena of Middle East, would open the Wahabis eyes in Indonesia that maybe Turkey is the hope of the future.

What happens with ''Reformasi'' (the Reform Movement/ Era)? After tha fall of Soeharto's New Order regime, Indonesia come into chaotic situation with many religious and ethnic conflicts. Separatism has erupted and corruption has been so rampant. The "door" of democracy opens, and both Islamists and nationalists take part in the political game. The results have been, however, transactional politics, bad governance and uncertainty. A question should be raiseed: is it irreconcilable between the nationalists and the islamists? What is happening when the political games are plyed by both parties is basically the competition of corruption. They are stealing "people resources and welth of the nation". Islamists do the same as the nationalists stealing power (corruption). The business world is corrupted. Businessmen are in collusion with politicians, rulers, and bureaucrats. They do not care anymore about the fate of the people and the country.

Al-Qaeda's infiltration into the Southeast Asian region is inseparable from the existence of Jamaah Islamiyah (JI). Some Jamaah Islamiyah cadres are veterans of the Afghanistan War. Historically Al-Qaeda under the leadership of Osama Bin Laden has trained the military skills of Jamaah Islamiyah cadres to help the Afghan jihadists fight Soviet communism until the Soviets defeated and left Afghanistan. Then Al-Qaeda succeeded in entering Indonesia through the Jamaah Islamiyah network and its cells in Southeast Asia by mobilizing key actors and radical actions. In Indonesia, Jamaah Islamiyah with the support of Al-Qaeda succeeded in carrying out a series of bomb attacks including Bali Bomb (2002), Kuningan Bomb (2004), JW Marriot and Ritz-Carlton Bomb Jakarta (2009). The strategy of the Al-Qaeda movement in Indonesia does not appear openly by forming an underground organization (clandestine). Its existence exists but in the form of a Formless Organization (OTB) for the security of its organization. Their infiltration through these networks has succeeded in bringing in their radical ideology and movements in Indonesia in particular and in the Southeast Asian region in general.

This paper will be mainly focused on ideology formation within the circle of radical and fundamentalist movement of Darul Islam. One of the most helpful and accurate terms to emerge in recent years is that of 'Islamism'. Islamists, or those who hold to Islamism believe that Islam can and should form the basis of political ideology. Handled with sensitivity, the term 'Islamism' is one that both 'insiders' and 'outsiders' can relate to with a reasonable degree of common understanding. Which is considerably more than can be said of terms like 'fundamentalism' and 'radicalism', both of which can be profoundly ambiguous. If Islamists find in Islam something of a blueprint for political engagement, non-Islamist Muslims find nothing more specific than values and principles. A significant minority, however, find in these core values of Islam a counter-argument to Islamism. They argue that not only should Islam be first and foremost a personal faith, it should also accept and respect differences of opinion, commitment and practise. They embrace terms such as 'liberal' and 'progressive' fully aware of connotations of these terms in post-enlightenment western thought. Where Islamists tend, to varying degrees, to problematise the relationship between Islam and western conceptions of modernity, liberal Islamic intellectuals find an essential congruity between western Judeo-Christian thought and Islam. Liberals are comfortable in articulating their political vision in terms of western concepts such as democracy, human rights, modernisation and the separation of 'church' (religion) and state.

This article explains the purpose of establishing the Taliban, namely to restore peace, enforce sharia law, and maintain the Islamic character of Afghanistan. However, in responding to the futuh (the revolution, the victory) of the Taliban victory in Afghanistan on 15-17 August 2021, the Indonesian and Southeast Asian Islamists show differences. Indonesian Islamists and some radical Islamists in Southeast Asia, for instance, such as sympathizers supporting ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) actually show the opposite attitude. IS or better known as ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) considers the Taliban as a sworn enemy and branded them as infidels even though they have the same belief. The Taliban reject terrorism, even fighting ISIS terrorism and the like. In general, however, the Islamists in Indonesia show no euphoric response to the fall of Kabul instead of a plain hope that the Taliban government is able to rebuild a sovereign, inclusive, dignified, just and prosperous Afghanistan.

Program counter-discourse (kontra wacana) adalah program yang berusaha menciptakan "a way of thinking that opposes an institutionalized discourse". Selama ini wacana kaum fundamentalis, kaum radikal hinga kelompok-kelompok teroris sudah terlembaga sedemikian rupa di Indonesia melalui proses yang panjang dalam sejarah sosial politik negeri ini. Teka-teki yang muncul atas motif apakah yang mendasari makin maraknya kaum profesional yang berkecukupan tergiur untuk menjadi tentara Negara Islam Irak dan Suriah (NIIS) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) belum juga terpecahkan secara komprehensif. Hingga saat ini, sudah sekitar 518 warga negara Indonesia diduga bergabung dengan ISIS dan menurut catatan Sidney Jones dari Institute for Policy Analysis of Conflict (IPAC), sudah lebih dari 800 warga negara Indonesia yang sudah berangkat dan bergabung dengan gerakan "teroris" tersebut di Suriah. Oleh karena itu, perlu membangun kontra wacana sebagai benteng untuk membendung upaya "cuci otak" yang dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Program ini tentu saja tidak akan berjalan tanpa dukungan dari berbagai pihak terkait, terutama pihak-pihak yang paham dengan permasalahan ini. Padahal, di sisi lain, upaya dan program nyata untuk memerangi terorisme yang bersifat straight-forward dan sistematis seharusnya terus digalakkan dan terlembaga. Harapannya, program kontra wacana ini dapat mereduksi dan menghantam ideologi-ideologi yang menyimpang yang selama ini dianut oleh gerakan-gerakan sosial politik keagamaan.