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Asian economies have become a driving force in the world economy, so are the Asian firms, especially those from emerging markets. This book presents a collection of articles that address the strengths and strategies of the rising Asian firms in the process of internationalization and the challenges they face.

Asian economies have become a driving force in the world economy, so are the Asian firms, especially those from emerging markets. This book presents a collection of articles that address the strengths and strategies of the rising Asian firms in the process of internationalization and the challenges they face.

Table of Content Preface Notes on Contributors List of Figures List of Tables 1. International Business Research in Asia-- Shige Makino, T. S. Chan and Geng Cui PART I: MULTINATIONALS AND ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT 2. A Test of Agency Costs in Strategic Alliances-- Jung-Ho Lai, Sheng-Syan Chen and Shao-Chi Chang 3. What Drives the Alliance Formation of Transition- Economy SMEs? The Moderating Role of Intermediary Organizations-- Wiboon Kittilaksanawong, Xudong Chen and Chaoqun Duan 4. Global Firms Competing Locally: Management Localization and Subsidiary Performance in China-- Geng Cui, T. S. Chan and Shengsheng Huang 5. The Influence of Culture on Budgetary Characteristics and Managerial Effectiveness: An Empirical Investigation of National and Multi-National Companies in Thailand-- Somboon Saraphat and Joseph Aiyeku PART II: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND FDI 6. Understanding the Entrepreneurial Process of Learning through Network Dynamics: Insights from China's Young International Firms-- Lianxi Zhou, Bradley R. Barnes and T. S. Chan 7. Does Social Capital Always Create Value for Firm Internationalization? The Case of Chinese Automakers in Russia-- Zejian Li and Yue Wang 8. MNE Strategy, Institutions, State Capacity and Inward FDI among ASEAN Countries-- Greg Mahony, Bilal Rafi and Chris Sadleir PART III: MARKETING AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 9. Cross-Cultural Research on Consumer Responses to Service Failure: A Critical Review-- Lisa C. Wan and Maggie Y. Chu 10. Self-Discrepancy and Consumer Responses to Counterfeit Products-- Ling Peng, Lisa C. Wan and Patrick S. Poon 11. Perceptions of Chinese and Indian Brand Personalities in Germany-- Heidi Kreppel and Dirk Holtbrugge

Noting the Boston Federal Reserve Bank study, investigates whether an alternative and less expensive analysis yields comparable results. A 3-step estimator is used to estimate a proxy for bad credit, to control for bad credit in the rejection equation and compute a measure of discrimination that accounts for the higher probabilities of bad credit among black applicants. When account is taken of a host of factors readily available from the US Bureau of the Census and not requiring extensive additional survey data collection, computations indicate that about 70% of the racial gap in loan denials can be accounted for by racially discriminatory lending practices. (Original abstract-amended)

A review of social work practice research in Hong Kong identified 969 articles published over 50 years. Four main areas of their content were analyzed: (a) authorship, (b) practice area, (c) target clientele, and (d) research method. Our results showed that academics had produced most of the research publications (81%). The most common practice areas were children and youth (20%), mental health (19%), family (19%), and the elderly (11%). Youth (22%), the elderly (14%), and family and parents (14%) were the top three client groups. The majority of the methods (47%) used were quantitative, comprising mostly correlational methods (41%). The future development of Hong Kong's social work practice research should build on current achievements and promote more practitioner–researcher collaboration.

Purpose: Coauthorship is a means for assessing each contributor's effort on a joint publication. This study aims to identify methods to determine publication coauthorship for crediting effort and order. Method: The research team searched for a framework to affirm the decision-making process when preparing for a coauthored publication by analyzing existing literature and published guidelines in authorship determination. Results: Four coauthorship principles—fairness, accountability, transparency, and effort (FATE)—were described with guidelines. The FATE framework helped the team develop a checklist for scholars to document their research productivity in collaborative projects. Examples of questions were derived from the framework to stimulate educational discussions and collaborative research ideas. Discussion: The coauthorship checklist could provide support for mentors to evaluate their protégés' performance. Further research is needed to justify its application for initiating conversations about coauthorship. Operational guidelines should also be developed to prevent biases in reporting effort contributions.

Sharing health and social care data is essential to the delivery of high quality health care as well as disease surveillance, public health, and for conducting research. However, these societal benefits may be constrained by privacy and data protection principles. Hence, societies are striving to find a balance between the two competing public interests. Whilst the spread of IT advancements in recent decades has increased the demand for an increased privacy and data protection in many ways health is a special case. UK are adopting guidelines, codes of conduct and regulatory instruments aimed to implement privacy principles into practical settings and enhance public trust. Accordingly, in 2015, the UK National Data Guardian (NDG) requested to conduct a further review of data protection, referred to as Caldicott 3. The scope of this review is to strengthen data security standards and confidentiality. It also proposes a consent system based on an "opt-out" model rather than on "opt-in.Across Europe as well as internationally the privacy-health data sharing balance is not fixed. In Europe enactment of the new EU Data Protection Regulation in 2016 constitute a major breakthrough, which is likely to have a profound effect on European countries and beyond. In Australia and across North America different ways are being sought to balance out these twin requirements of a modern society - to preserve privacy alongside affording high quality health care for an ageing population. Whilst in the UK privacy legal framework remains complex and fragmented into different layers of legislation, which may negatively impact on both the rights to privacy and health the UK is at the forefront in the uptake of international and EU privacy and data protection principles. And, if the privacy regime were reorganised in a more comprehensive manner, it could be used as a sound implementation model for other countries.

Government and nongovernmental organizations need national and global estimates on the descriptive epidemiology of common oral conditions for policy planning and evaluation. The aim of this component of the Global Burden of Disease study was to produce estimates on prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability for oral conditions from 1990 to 2017 by sex, age, and countries. In addition, this study reports the global socioeconomic pattern in burden of oral conditions by the standard World Bank classification of economies as well as the Global Burden of Disease Socio-demographic Index. The findings show that oral conditions remain a substantial population health challenge. Globally, there were 3.5 billion cases (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI], 3.2 to 3.7 billion) of oral conditions, of which 2.3 billion (95% UI, 2.1 to 2.5 billion) had untreated caries in permanent teeth, 796 million (95% UI, 671 to 930 million) had severe periodontitis, 532 million (95% UI, 443 to 622 million) had untreated caries in deciduous teeth, 267 million (95% UI, 235 to 300 million) had total tooth loss, and 139 million (95% UI, 133 to 146 million) had other oral conditions in 2017. Several patterns emerged when the World Bank's classification of economies and the Socio-demographic Index were used as indicators of economic development. In general, more economically developed countries have the lowest burden of untreated dental caries and severe periodontitis and the highest burden of total tooth loss. The findings offer an opportunity for policy makers to identify successful oral health strategies and strengthen them; introduce and monitor different approaches where oral diseases are increasing; plan integration of oral health in the agenda for prevention of noncommunicable diseases; and estimate the cost of providing universal coverage for dental care.