Suchergebnisse

The end of the years of the 20th century saw collapse all the structures of the people's democracies of the Eastern Europe. In this context agitated, the people's China provided the image of the unsinkable ship apparently, little affected through the people's agitation – particularly the student's – of 1989 in Peking. Shall we therefore conclude that the Chinese communist apparatus will be the only one to escape to the failure? The opposition of the political as well as economic systems reigning in the different « Chinas » (mainland China and Taiwan) remind that the future of the one reunified China is uncertain. ; La fin des années du 20e siècle a vu s'effondrer tout l'édifice des démocraties populaires de l'Europe de l'Est. Dans ce contexte agité, la Chine populaire fournit l'image d'un navire apparemment insubmersible, peu affecté par l'agitation populaire – à l'exception de la révolte étudiante du printemps 1989 à Pékin. Doit-on en conclure que l'appareil communiste chinois sera le seul à échapper à la déconfiture ? L'opposition des systèmes tant politiques qu'économiques régnant dans les différentes « Chines » (Chine continentale et Taiwan) font penser que l'avenir d'une Chine réunifiée est incertain.

La fin des années du 20e siècle a vu s'effondrer tout l'édifice des démocraties populaires de l'Europe de l'Est. Dans ce contexte agité, la Chine populaire fournit l'image d'un navire apparemment insubmersible, peu affecté par l'agitation populaire – à l'exception de la révolte étudiante du printemps 1989 à Pékin. Doit-on en conclure que l'appareil communiste chinois sera le seul à échapper à la déconfiture ? L'opposition des systèmes tant politiques qu'économiques régnant dans les différentes « Chines » (Chine continentale et Taiwan) font penser que l'avenir d'une Chine réunifiée est incertain. ; The end of the years of the 20th century saw collapse all the structures of the people's democracies of the Eastern Europe. In this context agitated, the people's China provided the image of the unsinkable ship apparently, little affected through the people's agitation – particularly the student's – of 1989 in Peking. Shall we therefore conclude that the Chinese communist apparatus will be the only one to escape to the failure? The opposition of the political as well as economic systems reigning in the different « Chinas » (mainland China and Taiwan) remind that the future of the one reunified China is uncertain.

La théorie politique nous enseigne que l'empire chinois est celui du despotisme théocratique. L'État patriarcal en constitue le fondement ; à sa tête, le tyran dirige, à travers une multitude d'échelons hiérarchiques, un gouvernement systématiquement organisé. L'individu est moralement dépourvu de personnalité propre. L'histoire de l'empire n'est que la répétition d'une même ruine majestueuse. Dans la réalité, les groupes intermédiaires – corporations, ordres, classes, castes – ne sont là que pour consolider l'architecture d'ensemble. La société ainsi bâtie se reproduit l'infini. Le tout commande les parties. ; The political theory teaches us that the Chinese empire belongs to the theocratic despotism. The patriarchal State constitutes the base; on the top, the tyrant manage, through a multitude of the hierarchic echelons, one government systematically organized. The individual is morally lacking in its own personality. The history of the empire is only the repetition of the even majestic ruin. In the reality, the intermediary groups- corporations, orders, states, castes- are only for reinforcing the entire architecture. The society thus built reproduce to the infinite. The whole commands the parts.

There has been a growing interest in using local statistics to identify spatial or spatiotemporal association patterns among georeferenced data, in which the null distributions of the statistics play a key role for the confirmatory inferences. In this study we focus on a generic form of local spatiotemporal statistics and propose a unified bootstrap approach to derive the null distribution of the statistic. In particular, the spatiotemporal variants of the commonly used local spatial statistics Moran's Ii, Geary's ci, and Getis and Ord's Gi are studied in detail. Some simulations are conducted to evaluate the validity of the bootstrap method in approximating the null distributions of the three spatiotemporal statistics. Meanwhile, the bootstrap method is compared with the permutation approach in terms of approximation accuracy and computation efficiency. The results show that both the bootstrap and the permutation methods can accurately approximate the null distributions of the statistics for various spatiotemporal topological relationships while the bootstrap method seems to be more efficient than the permutation approach. Additionally, the power of the spatiotemporal version of Moran's Ii in detecting spatiotemporal autocorrelation is empirically assessed and a real-world example is given to demonstrate the application of the bootstrap inference method.

摘要本文從悲苦憂懼的角度重新詮釋韓愈的詩作與人生,以「老病之懼」、「飢寒之憂」、「喪生之畏」三項主題為核心,解析韓愈藉詩抒發對生命老化、漂泊與死亡的深深恐懼。本文是學界至今為止極少數探討韓愈文學此一面向的研究。關鍵詞:韓愈詩、諧謔、以文為詩、以文為戲 This paper is a study of the element of melancholy apprehension in Han Yu's poetry. Han's apprehension of melancholy, which up to now has received very little attention, is discussed in three aspects: (1) the fear of old age and sickness, (2) the fear of hunger and cold, and (3) the fear of death. Against the background of Han Yu's unstable and uncertain life and career, the new reading and analysis show that melancholy lies at the very heart of his personality and writing.

摘要本文從悲苦憂懼的角度重新詮釋韓愈的詩作與人生,以「老病之懼」、「飢寒之憂」、「喪生之畏」三項主題為核心,解析韓愈藉詩抒發對生命老化、漂泊與死亡的深深恐懼。本文是學界至今為止極少數探討韓愈文學此一面向的研究。關鍵詞:韓愈詩、諧謔、以文為詩、以文為戲 This paper is a study of the element of melancholy apprehension in Han Yu's poetry. Han's apprehension of melancholy, which up to now has received very little attention, is discussed in three aspects: (1) the fear of old age and sickness, (2) the fear of hunger and cold, and (3) the fear of death. Against the background of Han Yu's unstable and uncertain life and career, the new reading and analysis show that melancholy lies at the very heart of his personality and writing. ; Pričujoči članek odpira nova spoznanja na področju proučevanja poezije velikega literata dinastije Tang, Han Yuja. Literarni kritiki Han Yujevo poezijo pogosto označujejo kot »prozaično«, igrivo in razlagalno, pri čemer se osredotočajo predvsem na literarnotehnične in slogovne značilnosti njegovih pesmi. Vendar, kot poudarja avtor članka, kritiki premalo pozornosti posvečajo melanholičnemu pridihu, ki preveva Han Yujevo poezijo in ponuja vpogled v druge, skrite ravni njegovega pesniškega izražanja. Han Yu je bil namreč že od otroških let dalje nenehno izpostavljen človeškim tegobam, kot so bolezen in izguba bližnje osebe, ki so se jim kasneje pridružili še družbeni nemiri in negotovost, kar zadeva poklicno pot. Na prvi pogled daje vtis odgovornega konfucijanskega učenjaka, ki so ga težke življenjske izkušnje zgolj psihološko okrepile. Vendar pozorno branje njegovih pesmi razkriva, da na najgloblji ravni njegovo notranje razpoloženje odraža predvsem melanholijo, zaskrbljenost in strah. Avtor se posveti reinterpretaciji in analizi Han Yujeve poezije z avtobiografskega vidika ter poudari pomemben vpliv pesnikovih življenjskih izkušenj na njegovo literarno ustvarjanje. Hkrati poudari pomembno vlogo satiričnih elementov, prek katerih pesnik izraža svoje ogorčenje nad tedanjimi političnimi boji. Osrednja hipoteza članka je, da se za navidezno igrivostjo in duhovitostjo Han Yujevih pesmi skrivajo pesnikova resnična čustva in misli, njegovo notranje razpoloženje in občutki, kar odraža njegovo izjemno sposobnost prikrivanja oziroma skrivanja lastnih čustev za masko humorja. Članek obravnava Han Yujevo poezijo z vidika ogorčenja nad tedanjo družbeno-politično situacijo, tegob, grenkobe in razočaranja. Pri tem se avtor osredotoča predvsem na tri osrednje motive Han Yujeve poezije: (1) strah pred boleznijo in staranjem (2) strah pred lakoto in mrazom (3) strah pred smrtjo.

Since 1971, the year Taipei lost its seat at the United Nations to Beijing, China has systematically attempted to exclude Taiwan from all international organizations, & threatens to break with any country tempted to strengthen its links with Taipei, or, worse, to officially recognize Taiwan. The Taiwanese government has reacted by leveraging its economic power to political ends, seeking support or even diplomatic recognition from the greatest number of countries possible. The key tool for this policy is the International Cooperation & Development Fund (ICDF). Through direct financing, technical aid & cooperation programs, Taiwan has made huge efforts to convince many countries -- mainly poor nations of the Pacific, Africa & Latin America -- to become its ally. But China, now wealthy thanks to its recent growth spurt, is competing strongly with Taiwan in this area. And former friends of Taiwan are increasingly turning towards Beijing. Adapted from the source document.