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RéSUMé Le renouveau de la sociologie économique et de la microéconomie semble ouvrir la voie à une tentative de réconciliation entre ces deux disciplines autour d'une définition commune de l'action économique. Néanmoins, la persistance des controverses et des malentendus épistémologiques se traduit par l'impossibilité même de construire une coopération entre économistes et sociologues. Cet article examine les raisons de ce paradoxe et tente de démontrer que le dialogue entre la « Nouvelle Sociologie Économique » et la « Nouvelle Micro-Économie » aboutit à une impasse parce qu'il oscille en permanence entre des références épistémologiques et conceptuelles inconciliables. L'objet que partagent a priori ces deux champs disciplinaires (l'action économique) devient alors insaisissable. Une approche socio-anthropologique en termes de formes de transactions « économiques » semble néanmoins ouvrir une perspective pour sortir de ce « piège épistémologique » parce qu'elle aborde cet objet en s'affranchissant, provisoirement, des finalités et des formes de rationalité de l'action économique.

This article identifies different socio-economic approaches to sport: the influence of economy on social behaviour; the impact of social behaviour on the economy; and the interactions between economy and society. It argues that these perspectives are based on three major disciplinary orientations: the economic sociology of sport; the sociology of rational (sporting) choice; and the economy of bounded rationality. However, it is shown that these three disciplinary fields do not constitute a unifying paradigm.

Self-organised sporting places and movements in the cities -
Self-organised sports practices developed in the French cities in the early 80' s. Based on normative concepts these practises have often been perceived as inferior forms of the social link. But an anthropological study shows the wealth and complexity of these practices, considering their ties with forms of sociabilities and citizenship and their distinctive use of cities and development of territories. Unlike what has been said, self-organised sports practices reflect ways to be, to act and to represent the world which are common to young people. It is the expression of youth culture, characterized by the passing from an activity to the other, in regular attendance and by a desire to share common emotions together in the same place. The city becomes a tangle of territories in which the movements are organised towards the different places of activitiy. The development and setting up of sporting equipments must be in phase with this logic in order to avoid under-occupied or totally deserted equipments.

How can we understand the increasing development of "sporting" practices in public urban spaces in France during the past fifteen years? It is not simply the consequence of a saturation of the specialized spaces. Our hypothesis is that those new forms of practices take place in an evolution of the contemporary urban culture. We illustrate it with an anthropologic research.