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Wind power plants are the fastest growing source of renewable energy. The European Union expects to generate 230 GW wind power, in which the offshore wind power is expected to contribute 40 GW. Offshore wind power plants have better wind velocity profile leading to a higher energy yield. Europe has a huge potential of offshore wind energy, which is a green and sustainable resource. All these have led to the development of offshore wind power plants. However, overall cost of the offshore installation, operation, and maintenance are higher than those of the onshore wind power plants. Therefore, the plant size needs to be higher such that the unit cost of energy can be lowered. An overall increase in operating efficiency would further reduce the cost of energy, thereby increasing the viability of the project. Multi-MW variable speed wind turbine generators, of unit sizes between 3-10 MW, have been developed so as to take advantage of the lower cost per MW of installed wind power capacity. The current trend is that these large units will comprise of multi-pole, low-speed synchronous generators equipped with full scale converters. VSC-HVDC cable transmission is a favourable option for a large and remote offshore wind power plant, which needs a long distance cable connection to the onshore power grid. It has lower power losses, higher transmission efficiency, and fast control of both the active and the reactive power. This dissertation presents a test system for the simulation analysis of different operational and control aspects of a potential wind power plant with VSC-HVDC connection to the onshore grid. The test system is modelled in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment for the time domain electromagnetic simulation. In such a system, the offshore terminal of VSC-HVDC is controlled to establish the reference voltage waveform in the offshore grid. The ac voltage controller in the offshore VSC-HVDC terminal has been improved by utilizing the measured active and reactive power-flows to determine the feed-forward terms for the current references in the dq-axes. HVDC transmission decouples the offshore grid frequency from the onshore grid frequency. Three different methods have been evaluated here for relaying the onshore grid frequency to the offshore grid, such that the wind power plant can participate in the grid frequency control. One of the schemes does not involve communication, while the other two depend upon communication of onshore frequency signal. Similarly, three different methods have been evaluated and compared for the fault ride through behaviour of this system. The current control capability of the converters in the offshore wind power plant grid can be utilized to enhance the fault time behaviour of the whole system. A novel approach has been proposed to allow a calculated amount of negative sequence current injection from the VSC-HVDC converters as well as the full scale converters in the wind turbine generators. The proposed approach is demonstrated to have lower power oscillations, and hence, lower dc voltage overshoots in the VSC-HVDC system. On the protection side, the coordination of over-current relays has been analysed in the new environment. A simple yet reliable scheme utilizing the well-known over-current relay characteristics has been presented for the detection of faults and the determination of faulted feeder in the offshore grid. It is demonstrated that the communication capability of modern relays can help avoid the potential cases of over-reach. The test system is modelled for real time simulation in RSCAD/RTDS platform, such that the physical relays could be connected to it. The performance of the proposed relay coordination scheme has been tested using an industrial relay. Moreover, since RTDS simulation allows continuous simulation of the system in real time, multiple events can be simulated. Simulation studies have been carried out for the fault detection, circuit breaker tripping, and system recovery after fault clearance.

PurposeThe importance of knowledge-based assets and the capability to leverage them has been the subject of scholarly interest in entrepreneurial orientation literature. The authors attempt to understand the dominant themes in the prior literature and propose directions for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors performed a systematic review of 79 studies to answer the research questions: (1) What are the predominant themes in the literature on the role of intellectual capital and entrepreneurial orientation? (2) What are the potential fields of future research?FindingsThe findings suggest that current research engages the topics of intellectual capital, the capability to leverage knowledge assets and entrepreneurial orientation. The thematic analysis reveals the role of knowledge management, organizational learning, intellectual capital and absorptive capacity in entrepreneurial firms. The authors propose a theoretical model to explain how intellectual capital and its management influence firm-level entrepreneurial behavior.Originality/valueUnderstanding the association between intellectual capital and the capability to leverage knowledge assets is crucial in a dynamic business environment. Effective deployment of knowledge is vital while searching for new entrepreneurial opportunities.

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I Data Science-Principles, Concepts and Applications -- Data Science-Algorithms and Applications in Earth Observation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Science and Its Components -- 3 Data Science: Tools -- 4 Data Science: Techniques -- 4.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) -- 4.2 Internet of Things (IoT) -- 4.3 Data Mining (DM) -- 4.4 Data Visualization -- 4.5 Machine Learning (ML) -- 5 Data Science Applications in EO -- 5.1 Drought Monitoring Studies -- 5.2 Vegetation Monitoring and Assessment -- 5.3 Digital Soil Mapping -- 5.4 Soil Moisture Monitoring -- 5.5 Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) -- 5.6 Crop Type Mapping and Monitoring -- 5.7 Precision Agriculture (PA) -- 6 Challenges in Data Science Applications in EO -- 7 A Way Forward -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Emerging Technologies-Principles and Applications in Precision Agriculture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lifecycle of Precision Based Farming -- 2.1 Observations and Data Collection -- 2.2 Data Storage and Decision-Making -- 2.3 Data Analysis -- 3 Case Study -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Data Science: Principles and Concepts in Modeling Decision Trees -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Cross-Validation -- 3 Tree-Based Models for Regression and Classification -- 3.1 Regression Trees -- 3.2 Classification Trees -- 3.3 Bagging and Random Forests -- 4 Clustering -- 4.1 K-Means Clustering -- 4.2 Hierarchical Clustering -- 5 Data Tree Models in Precision Agriculture -- 6 Summary and Future Scope -- References -- Deep Reinforcement Learning for Agriculture: Principles and Use Cases -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Literature Review -- 1.2 Organization -- 2 Reinforcement Learning -- 2.1 Deep Reinforcement Learning -- 3 Case Studies -- 3.1 Crop Yield Maximization Using RL -- 3.2 Problem Statement.

This study examines whether and when humble CEOs lead firms that behave more entrepreneurially. Guided by upper-echelons theory, we link CEO humility with corporate entrepreneurship, considering two specific discretionary sources in the firm's task environment—market turbulence and market complexity—as moderators. We test our hypotheses using multi-source data from small Indian firms. We find that the association between CEO humility and corporate entrepreneurship is positive and significant, strengthening at higher levels of humility. Systematic post hoc analyses yield evidence for the moderating influence of market turbulence and complexity. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.