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This unique Handbook provides multiple perspectives on the growth of illicit trade, primarily exploring counterfeits and internet piracy. It includes expert opinion on a wide range of topics including the evaluation of key global enforcement issues, government and private-sector agency initiatives to stifle illicit trade, and the evolution of piracy on the internet. The authors also assess the efficacy of anti-counterfeiting strategies such as targeted consumer campaigns, working with intermediaries in the supply chain, authentication technology, and online brand protection

Counterfeit products represent a growing problem for a wide range of industries. There are many estimates of the size of this problem most of which coalesce around $500-billion annually on a global basis. Overall, a wide range of industries agree that there is a severe problem with the global protection of intellectual property rights (IPR), yet, there have been virtually no attempts to describe all aspects of the problem. This book aims at giving the most complete description of various characteristics of the intellectual property rights (IPR) environment in a global context. The authors believe a holistic understanding of the problem must include consumer complicity to purchase counterfeit, actions of the counterfeiters (pirates) as well as actions (or inaction) by home and host governments, and the role of international organizations and industry alliances. Only after establishing how all the actors in the IPR environment relate to one another can we describe global protection of the intellectual property rights environment and the managerial response of IPR owners and/or industry associations to combat this ongoing problem. The book will conclude with pragmatic recommendations for protecting intellectual property given the recent trends discussed in the previous chapters, making it of interest to practitioners and policy-makers alike."Authoritative, timely, and thought-provoking, Chaudhry and Zimmerman did it again. If you are interested in the latest developments in IPR around the world, you need to arm yourself with the insights contained in this immensely useful book." - Mike W. Peng, Jindal Chair of Global Strategy, University of Texas at Dallas and author of Global Business, Global Strategy, and GLOBAL "Chaudhry and Zimmerman's work is comprehensive and research-based, but very accessible to the reader. This book will be of interest to lawyers, as well as corporate managers, seeking to understand the dynamics of the illicit trade in consumer goods." - Tom Snelling, Partner, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP

The major findings of this exploratory research are that a firm's level of market commitment through future investments will increase in strategically important markets, regardless of high consumer complicity to purchase fake goods; that companies will employ additional anti‐counterfeiting tactics in markets with a high level of pirates and a high degree of enforcement of its intellectual property rights; and that companies employ a standardized approach of anti‐counterfeiting tactics targeted at consumers.

AbstractIn 2013, Germany, a world leading industrialized nation published its Industry 4.0 strategic plan. The term Industry 4.0 has been referred to the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this paper, in the era of Industry 4.0, we studied the importance of three types of legitimacy related to the different stages of new ventures. A framework was designed using the concept of guanxi to better understand its relationship to the corporate life cycle. In this study, two different kinds of guanxi, business and political, affect the legitimacy of a company.

AbstractThis paper analyses the definition and connotation of Industry 4.0 and proposes that intelligent manufacturing and innovative service are the two core elements of the Industry 4.0. The paper also discusses standardization, integrated information system, training and education, artificial intelligence applications, and the infrastructure issues for the development of Industry 4.0.

AbstractWith the rapid development of big data, 6G, Internet of Things (IoT) and other information and communication technologies (ICTs), artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in new opportunities for more advancements. AI systems are changing the survival and development of human society. This study focuses on the research and application of AI systems within the scientific framework of systems thinking. From scientometrics, this study adopts cocitation analysis and keywords co‐occurrence analysis to sort existing applications of AI system to research network and research overview while giving the current research hotspots of AI system application research. Concurrently, the development trend and direction of AI systems are analysed, and the opportunities and challenges faced are put forward, which lays a foundation for system research in the field of AI systems.

AbstractIn the era of Industry 4.0 and Made in China 2025 initiatives, this research is focused on exploring how entrepreneurial decision‐making logics contribute to opportunity identification by combining effectuation theory and knowledge‐based theory under high uncertainty through strategic knowledge integration in emerging economies, such as the Chinese economy. Empirical data were collected from 196 entrepreneurs and top executives in Chinese high‐tech new ventures using an interview survey. An established mediation model's assessment approach was used to test hypotheses through multivariate linear regression analyses. The analysis results show that both effectuation and causation have positive effects on opportunity identification. Also, emergent/planned knowledge integration plays a fully mediating role in the relationship between effectuation/causation and opportunity identification. This research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence to explain the problem of entrepreneurial opportunity identification under high uncertainty through the lens of effectuation theory. It facilitates the development of effectuation theory and enriches the literature on strategic knowledge integration. Moreover, our findings have important managerial implications for high‐tech new ventures to effectively recognize new opportunities in the context of emerging economies.