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Taking into account the meaning, the organization and the productivity of work, to better advise farmers. Breeding work is both a factor of economic performance, a succession of tasks and projects to organize and activity that built a personal and professional identity. Taking into account all these three dimensions is necessary to understand the complexity of farmers work and to contribute to their improvement. A guide designed by a multidisciplinary group (sociology, economy, and animal science) and of different activities (researchers, teachers and advisors), was used to analyze 56 French farms covering a wide diversity of production (seven agricultural sectors were represented), size of groups of work (from 1 to 42 workers), composition (associates, employees, volunteers.) and production basin (six regions). Comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach highlighted five profiles of farmers with some who preferred the quality of life in farms of reasonable dimensions which can also ensure a satisfactory economic viability. In Northern Europe, survey of 19 large sized-farms showed the importance of streamlining the process, outsourcing projects and widespread use of wage-earning that strongly modifies the workload of farmers. In each situation, the sense given by the farmer to his job and his motivations illuminate techno-economic and work-organization choices. The method and its co-construction with field advisors, are a solid 'on the ground' basis to create requests, offer services S. Chauvat et al. 70 Innovations Agronomiques 49 (2016), 69-82 adapted to the key phases of the farm and also to change postures and to create cooperative support systems. ; Le travail en élevage est à la fois un facteur de production économique, une succession de tâches et de chantiers à organiser ainsi qu'une activité qui construit son identité personnelle et professionnelle. Prendre en compte conjointement ces trois dimensions est nécessaire pour comprendre la complexité des situations de travail des éleveurs et contribuer à ...

International audience ; Taking into account the meaning, the organization and the productivity of work, to better advise farmers. Breeding work is both a factor of economic performance, a succession of tasks and projects to organize and activity that built a personal and professional identity. Taking into account all these three dimensions is necessary to understand the complexity of farmers work and to contribute to their improvement. A guide designed by a multidisciplinary group (sociology, economy, and animal science) and of different activities (researchers, teachers and advisors), was used to analyze 56 French farms covering a wide diversity of production (seven agricultural sectors were represented), size of groups of work (from 1 to 42 workers), composition (associates, employees, volunteers.) and production basin (six regions). Comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach highlighted five profiles of farmers with some who preferred the quality of life in farms of reasonable dimensions which can also ensure a satisfactory economic viability. In Northern Europe, survey of 19 large sized-farms showed the importance of streamlining the process, outsourcing projects and widespread use of wage-earning that strongly modifies the workload of farmers. In each situation, the sense given by the farmer to his job and his motivations illuminate techno-economic and work-organization choices. The method and its co-construction with field advisors, are a solid 'on the ground' basis to create requests, offer services S. Chauvat et al. 70 Innovations Agronomiques 49 (2016), 69-82 adapted to the key phases of the farm and also to change postures and to create cooperative support systems. ; Le travail en élevage est à la fois un facteur de production économique, une succession de tâches et de chantiers à organiser ainsi qu'une activité qui construit son identité personnelle et professionnelle. Prendre en compte conjointement ces trois dimensions est nécessaire pour comprendre la complexité des situations de travail des ...

Taking into account the meaning, the organization and the productivity of work, to better advise farmers. Breeding work is both a factor of economic performance, a succession of tasks and projects to organize and activity that built a personal and professional identity. Taking into account all these three dimensions is necessary to understand the complexity of farmers work and to contribute to their improvement. A guide designed by a multidisciplinary group (sociology, economy, and animal science) and of different activities (researchers, teachers and advisors), was used to analyze 56 French farms covering a wide diversity of production (seven agricultural sectors were represented), size of groups of work (from 1 to 42 workers), composition (associates, employees, volunteers.) and production basin (six regions). Comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach highlighted five profiles of farmers with some who preferred the quality of life in farms of reasonable dimensions which can also ensure a satisfactory economic viability. In Northern Europe, survey of 19 large sized-farms showed the importance of streamlining the process, outsourcing projects and widespread use of wage-earning that strongly modifies the workload of farmers. In each situation, the sense given by the farmer to his job and his motivations illuminate techno-economic and work-organization choices. The method and its co-construction with field advisors, are a solid 'on the ground' basis to create requests, offer services S. Chauvat et al. 70 Innovations Agronomiques 49 (2016), 69-82 adapted to the key phases of the farm and also to change postures and to create cooperative support systems. ; Le travail en élevage est à la fois un facteur de production économique, une succession de tâches et de chantiers à organiser ainsi qu'une activité qui construit son identité personnelle et professionnelle. Prendre en compte conjointement ces trois dimensions est nécessaire pour comprendre la complexité des situations de travail des éleveurs et contribuer à ...

Taking into account the meaning, the organization and the productivity of work, to better advise farmers. Breeding work is both a factor of economic performance, a succession of tasks and projects to organize and activity that built a personal and professional identity. Taking into account all these three dimensions is necessary to understand the complexity of farmers work and to contribute to their improvement. A guide designed by a multidisciplinary group (sociology, economy, and animal science) and of different activities (researchers, teachers and advisors), was used to analyze 56 French farms covering a wide diversity of production (seven agricultural sectors were represented), size of groups of work (from 1 to 42 workers), composition (associates, employees, volunteers.) and production basin (six regions). Comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach highlighted five profiles of farmers with some who preferred the quality of life in farms of reasonable dimensions which can also ensure a satisfactory economic viability. In Northern Europe, survey of 19 large sized-farms showed the importance of streamlining the process, outsourcing projects and widespread use of wage-earning that strongly modifies the workload of farmers. In each situation, the sense given by the farmer to his job and his motivations illuminate techno-economic and work-organization choices. The method and its co-construction with field advisors, are a solid 'on the ground' basis to create requests, offer services S. Chauvat et al. 70 Innovations Agronomiques 49 (2016), 69-82 adapted to the key phases of the farm and also to change postures and to create cooperative support systems. ; Le travail en élevage est à la fois un facteur de production économique, une succession de tâches et de chantiers à organiser ainsi qu'une activité qui construit son identité personnelle et professionnelle. Prendre en compte conjointement ces trois dimensions est nécessaire pour comprendre la complexité des situations de travail des éleveurs et contribuer à ...

International audience ; For livestock farmers, the diversity of tasks, the freedom to act as he likes, the contact with nature and animals explain the attraction, often passionate, for an activity, in constant mutation due to technical and sociological evolutions. Gains in efficiency and productivity are diminished by the enlargement of the structures and the workload remains important. Nowadays livestock farmers seek to better balance work and private life, and to preserve their health, which implies decent working conditions, more daily serenity and a recognition of their societal role. Automation and robotization demand to acquire technological mastery, but allow time savings and bring flexibility in organizing days. The wage-earning and the feminization are developing: they modify farmers' job and could contribute more to the renewal of the generations. Environmental and animal welfare concerns lead to systems known to be more agro-ecological, but requiring new learning and complex transitions. The head-on questionings to livestock farming are offset by local initiatives demonstrating the social utility of farms which provide jobs, territorial identity and healthy products. The diversity of livestock models in the territories, complementarity between them and others agricultural and non-agricultural activities, as well as the renewal of advisory tools are part of perspectives to arouse the desire to become a farmer. This article presents, in the light of the social, societal and economic changes, the issues under dispute about the work and the profession of the livestock farmers. ; Pour les éleveurs, la diversité des tâches, la liberté d'agir à sa guise, la proximité avec la nature et les animaux expliquent l'attrait, souvent passionné, pour une profession en constante mutation suite aux évolutions techniques et sociologiques. Les gains d'efficience et de productivité sont rognés par l'augmentation de la taille des structures et la charge de travail reste toujours importante. Aujourd'hui les éleveurs cherchent un meilleur équilibre vie privée / vie professionnelle, à préserver leur santé et une reconnaissance de leur rôle sociétal, ce qui implique des conditions de travail correctes et plus de sérénité au quotidien. L'automatisation et la robotisation demandent d'acquérir une maîtrise technologique mais apportent de la souplesse et permettent des gains de temps. La part de salariat et la féminisation des chefs d'exploitation qui se développent, modifient le rapport au métier et pourraient contribuer davantage au renouvellement des générations. Les préoccupations, environnementales et vis-à-vis du bien-être animal, suscitent des infléchissements, notamment agro-écologiques qui nécessitent de nouveaux apprentissages et des transitions toujours complexes. Les remises en cause, parfois frontales, de l'élevage côtoient des initiatives démontrant son utilité sociale comme pourvoyeur d'emplois, d'identité locale et de produits sains. La diversité dans les territoires des modèles d'élevage, les complémentarités entre eux et avec d'autres activités, agricoles ou non, ainsi que le renouvellement des outils de conseil sont autant de perspectives pour susciter le désir de "devenir éleveur". Cet article présente, à la lumière des mutations sociales, sociétales et économiques, les questions en débat autour du travail et du métier des éleveurs.

International audience ; For livestock farmers, the diversity of tasks, the freedom to act as he likes, the contact with nature and animals explain the attraction, often passionate, for an activity, in constant mutation due to technical and sociological evolutions. Gains in efficiency and productivity are diminished by the enlargement of the structures and the workload remains important. Nowadays livestock farmers seek to better balance work and private life, and to preserve their health, which implies decent working conditions, more daily serenity and a recognition of their societal role. Automation and robotization demand to acquire technological mastery, but allow time savings and bring flexibility in organizing days. The wage-earning and the feminization are developing: they modify farmers' job and could contribute more to the renewal of the generations. Environmental and animal welfare concerns lead to systems known to be more agro-ecological, but requiring new learning and complex transitions. The head-on questionings to livestock farming are offset by local initiatives demonstrating the social utility of farms which provide jobs, territorial identity and healthy products. The diversity of livestock models in the territories, complementarity between them and others agricultural and non-agricultural activities, as well as the renewal of advisory tools are part of perspectives to arouse the desire to become a farmer. This article presents, in the light of the social, societal and economic changes, the issues under dispute about the work and the profession of the livestock farmers. ; Pour les éleveurs, la diversité des tâches, la liberté d'agir à sa guise, la proximité avec la nature et les animaux expliquent l'attrait, souvent passionné, pour une profession en constante mutation suite aux évolutions techniques et sociologiques. Les gains d'efficience et de productivité sont rognés par l'augmentation de la taille des structures et la charge de travail reste toujours importante. Aujourd'hui les éleveurs ...

International audience ; For livestock farmers, the diversity of tasks, the freedom to act as he likes, the contact with nature and animals explain the attraction, often passionate, for an activity, in constant mutation due to technical and sociological evolutions. Gains in efficiency and productivity are diminished by the enlargement of the structures and the workload remains important. Nowadays livestock farmers seek to better balance work and private life, and to preserve their health, which implies decent working conditions, more daily serenity and a recognition of their societal role. Automation and robotization demand to acquire technological mastery, but allow time savings and bring flexibility in organizing days. The wage-earning and the feminization are developing: they modify farmers' job and could contribute more to the renewal of the generations. Environmental and animal welfare concerns lead to systems known to be more agro-ecological, but requiring new learning and complex transitions. The head-on questionings to livestock farming are offset by local initiatives demonstrating the social utility of farms which provide jobs, territorial identity and healthy products. The diversity of livestock models in the territories, complementarity between them and others agricultural and non-agricultural activities, as well as the renewal of advisory tools are part of perspectives to arouse the desire to become a farmer. This article presents, in the light of the social, societal and economic changes, the issues under dispute about the work and the profession of the livestock farmers. ; Pour les éleveurs, la diversité des tâches, la liberté d'agir à sa guise, la proximité avec la nature et les animaux expliquent l'attrait, souvent passionné, pour une profession en constante mutation suite aux évolutions techniques et sociologiques. Les gains d'efficience et de productivité sont rognés par l'augmentation de la taille des structures et la charge de travail reste toujours importante. Aujourd'hui les éleveurs cherchent un meilleur équilibre vie privée / vie professionnelle, à préserver leur santé et une reconnaissance de leur rôle sociétal, ce qui implique des conditions de travail correctes et plus de sérénité au quotidien. L'automatisation et la robotisation demandent d'acquérir une maîtrise technologique mais apportent de la souplesse et permettent des gains de temps. La part de salariat et la féminisation des chefs d'exploitation qui se développent, modifient le rapport au métier et pourraient contribuer davantage au renouvellement des générations. Les préoccupations, environnementales et vis-à-vis du bien-être animal, suscitent des infléchissements, notamment agro-écologiques qui nécessitent de nouveaux apprentissages et des transitions toujours complexes. Les remises en cause, parfois frontales, de l'élevage côtoient des initiatives démontrant son utilité sociale comme pourvoyeur d'emplois, d'identité locale et de produits sains. La diversité dans les territoires des modèles d'élevage, les complémentarités entre eux et avec d'autres activités, agricoles ou non, ainsi que le renouvellement des outils de conseil sont autant de perspectives pour susciter le désir de "devenir éleveur". Cet article présente, à la lumière des mutations sociales, sociétales et économiques, les questions en débat autour du travail et du métier des éleveurs.

International audience ; For livestock farmers, the diversity of tasks, the freedom to act as he likes, the contact with nature and animals explain the attraction, often passionate, for an activity, in constant mutation due to technical and sociological evolutions. Gains in efficiency and productivity are diminished by the enlargement of the structures and the workload remains important. Nowadays livestock farmers seek to better balance work and private life, and to preserve their health, which implies decent working conditions, more daily serenity and a recognition of their societal role. Automation and robotization demand to acquire technological mastery, but allow time savings and bring flexibility in organizing days. The wage-earning and the feminization are developing: they modify farmers' job and could contribute more to the renewal of the generations. Environmental and animal welfare concerns lead to systems known to be more agro-ecological, but requiring new learning and complex transitions. The head-on questionings to livestock farming are offset by local initiatives demonstrating the social utility of farms which provide jobs, territorial identity and healthy products. The diversity of livestock models in the territories, complementarity between them and others agricultural and non-agricultural activities, as well as the renewal of advisory tools are part of perspectives to arouse the desire to become a farmer. This article presents, in the light of the social, societal and economic changes, the issues under dispute about the work and the profession of the livestock farmers. ; Pour les éleveurs, la diversité des tâches, la liberté d'agir à sa guise, la proximité avec la nature et les animaux expliquent l'attrait, souvent passionné, pour une profession en constante mutation suite aux évolutions techniques et sociologiques. Les gains d'efficience et de productivité sont rognés par l'augmentation de la taille des structures et la charge de travail reste toujours importante. Aujourd'hui les éleveurs cherchent un meilleur équilibre vie privée / vie professionnelle, à préserver leur santé et une reconnaissance de leur rôle sociétal, ce qui implique des conditions de travail correctes et plus de sérénité au quotidien. L'automatisation et la robotisation demandent d'acquérir une maîtrise technologique mais apportent de la souplesse et permettent des gains de temps. La part de salariat et la féminisation des chefs d'exploitation qui se développent, modifient le rapport au métier et pourraient contribuer davantage au renouvellement des générations. Les préoccupations, environnementales et vis-à-vis du bien-être animal, suscitent des infléchissements, notamment agro-écologiques qui nécessitent de nouveaux apprentissages et des transitions toujours complexes. Les remises en cause, parfois frontales, de l'élevage côtoient des initiatives démontrant son utilité sociale comme pourvoyeur d'emplois, d'identité locale et de produits sains. La diversité dans les territoires des modèles d'élevage, les complémentarités entre eux et avec d'autres activités, agricoles ou non, ainsi que le renouvellement des outils de conseil sont autant de perspectives pour susciter le désir de "devenir éleveur". Cet article présente, à la lumière des mutations sociales, sociétales et économiques, les questions en débat autour du travail et du métier des éleveurs.

Interest in the future of family livestock farms fully justifies the study of work organisation on such farms, as a particular contextualisation of interactions between the composition of the farming family, the combination and dimensioning of economic activities (agricultural and non-agricultural) and the technical operation of the farm. Our study is based on a comparative analysis of 19 farms spread over four regions of the world (Pampas of Argentina and Uruguay; Brazilian Amazonia; French Segala; the mountains of North Vietnam), and chosen along with our local research and development partners. It aims at describing the diversity of forms of work organisation and at giving more food for thought about the future of livestock farming. The framework of our work analysis combines variables relating to the structural and productive characteristics of the livestock farms and others describing the configuration of the work unit, the arrangement of buildings and equipment, herd management and surface areas, and the adjustment of non-agricultural activities. Three work organization profiles are identified. The discriminating variables of the profiles are the recourse to permanent wage-earning, mutual aid, and the degree of sophistication/simplification of the management. The profiles, which are not closely related to the terrains or the structural and productive characteristics of the farms, underline points of coherence which replace technology in the farmers' work activity systems

Interest in the future of family livestock farms fully justifies the study of work organisation on such farms, as a particular contextualisation of interactions between the composition of the farming family, the combination and dimensioning of economic activities (agricultural and non-agricultural) and the technical operation of the farm. Our study is based on a comparative analysis of 19 farms spread over four regions of the world (Pampas of Argentina and Uruguay; Brazilian Amazonia; French Segala; the mountains of North Vietnam), and chosen along with our local research and development partners. It aims at describing the diversity of forms of work organisation and at giving more food for thought about the future of livestock farming. The framework of our work analysis combines variables relating to the structural and productive characteristics of the livestock farms and others describing the configuration of the work unit, the arrangement of buildings and equipment, herd management and surface areas, and the adjustment of non-agricultural activities. Three work organization profiles are identified. The discriminating variables of the profiles are the recourse to permanent wage-earning, mutual aid, and the degree of sophistication/simplification of the management. The profiles, which are not closely related to the terrains or the structural and productive characteristics of the farms, underline points of coherence which replace technology in the farmers' work activity systems

Interest in the future of family livestock farms fully justifies the study of work organisation on such farms, as a particular contextualisation of interactions between the composition of the farming family, the combination and dimensioning of economic activities (agricultural and non-agricultural) and the technical operation of the farm. Our study is based on a comparative analysis of 19 farms spread over four regions of the world (Pampas of Argentina and Uruguay; Brazilian Amazonia; French Segala; the mountains of North Vietnam), and chosen along with our local research and development partners. It aims at describing the diversity of forms of work organisation and at giving more food for thought about the future of livestock farming. The framework of our work analysis combines variables relating to the structural and productive characteristics of the livestock farms and others describing the configuration of the work unit, the arrangement of buildings and equipment, herd management and surface areas, and the adjustment of non-agricultural activities. Three work organization profiles are identified. The discriminating variables of the profiles are the recourse to permanent wage-earning, mutual aid, and the degree of sophistication/simplification of the management. The profiles, which are not closely related to the terrains or the structural and productive characteristics of the farms, underline points of coherence which replace technology in the farmers' work activity systems

International audience ; Work is an important issue for livestock farmers nowadays and this topic draws attention from researchers as well as from advisers. The French Livestock Institute piloted a three-year partnership project aimed at studying on-farm innovations to improve farmers' working conditions. This project developed a multidisciplinary approach combining economic, sociological and technical perspectives on livestock farmers' work, and involved researchers, advisers and farmers. We chose to involve farmers in the production of data, crossing the factual and descriptive data with their experiences and views, but also asking for their opinion on the results. We also involved actors in six different regions with two goals: to conduct investigations on farms and to enable the appropriation of the method by advisers. A team composed of researchers and extensionists was in charge of designing and managing the research programme based on on-farm interviews (a total of 55). In the questionnaire the three dimensions mentioned above were addressed through sociological, economical and organizational aspects. The participants of the team pooled their own knowledge and methods to build a common questionnaire. A test was arranged in some farms with advisers as interviewers and this enabled improvements to be made to the structure of the questionnaire and to the way questions were asked. Training for the interviewers was organized. Data processing at national and regional level provided several deliverables including a national analysis, six regional analyses, farm monographs, and publications for farmers and advisers. Several local meetings took place to discuss the results with the interviewees (farmers), the interviewers (advisers) and sometimes stakeholders. The participants of the project team now consider that linking researchers, advisers and farmers in this multidisciplinary approach was very profitable. All of them say they have expanded their vision and understanding of farmers' working situations and argue that this has led them to change their research or advice practices.

International audience ; Work is an important issue for livestock farmers nowadays and this topic draws attention from researchers as well as from advisers. The French Livestock Institute piloted a three-year partnership project aimed at studying on-farm innovations to improve farmers' working conditions. This project developed a multidisciplinary approach combining economic, sociological and technical perspectives on livestock farmers' work, and involved researchers, advisers and farmers. We chose to involve farmers in the production of data, crossing the factual and descriptive data with their experiences and views, but also asking for their opinion on the results. We also involved actors in six different regions with two goals: to conduct investigations on farms and to enable the appropriation of the method by advisers. A team composed of researchers and extensionists was in charge of designing and managing the research programme based on on-farm interviews (a total of 55). In the questionnaire the three dimensions mentioned above were addressed through sociological, economical and organizational aspects. The participants of the team pooled their own knowledge and methods to build a common questionnaire. A test was arranged in some farms with advisers as interviewers and this enabled improvements to be made to the structure of the questionnaire and to the way questions were asked. Training for the interviewers was organized. Data processing at national and regional level provided several deliverables including a national analysis, six regional analyses, farm monographs, and publications for farmers and advisers. Several local meetings took place to discuss the results with the interviewees (farmers), the interviewers (advisers) and sometimes stakeholders. The participants of the project team now consider that linking researchers, advisers and farmers in this multidisciplinary approach was very profitable. All of them say they have expanded their vision and understanding of farmers' working situations and ...

International audience ; Work is an important issue for livestock farmers nowadays and this topic draws attention from researchers as well as from advisers. The French Livestock Institute piloted a three-year partnership project aimed at studying on-farm innovations to improve farmers' working conditions. This project developed a multidisciplinary approach combining economic, sociological and technical perspectives on livestock farmers' work, and involved researchers, advisers and farmers. We chose to involve farmers in the production of data, crossing the factual and descriptive data with their experiences and views, but also asking for their opinion on the results. We also involved actors in six different regions with two goals: to conduct investigations on farms and to enable the appropriation of the method by advisers. A team composed of researchers and extensionists was in charge of designing and managing the research programme based on on-farm interviews (a total of 55). In the questionnaire the three dimensions mentioned above were addressed through sociological, economical and organizational aspects. The participants of the team pooled their own knowledge and methods to build a common questionnaire. A test was arranged in some farms with advisers as interviewers and this enabled improvements to be made to the structure of the questionnaire and to the way questions were asked. Training for the interviewers was organized. Data processing at national and regional level provided several deliverables including a national analysis, six regional analyses, farm monographs, and publications for farmers and advisers. Several local meetings took place to discuss the results with the interviewees (farmers), the interviewers (advisers) and sometimes stakeholders. The participants of the project team now consider that linking researchers, advisers and farmers in this multidisciplinary approach was very profitable. All of them say they have expanded their vision and understanding of farmers' working situations and argue that this has led them to change their research or advice practices.

International audience ; Work is an important issue for livestock farmers nowadays and this topic draws attention from researchers as well as from advisers. The French Livestock Institute piloted a three-year partnership project aimed at studying on-farm innovations to improve farmers' working conditions. This project developed a multidisciplinary approach combining economic, sociological and technical perspectives on livestock farmers' work, and involved researchers, advisers and farmers. We chose to involve farmers in the production of data, crossing the factual and descriptive data with their experiences and views, but also asking for their opinion on the results. We also involved actors in six different regions with two goals: to conduct investigations on farms and to enable the appropriation of the method by advisers. A team composed of researchers and extensionists was in charge of designing and managing the research programme based on on-farm interviews (a total of 55). In the questionnaire the three dimensions mentioned above were addressed through sociological, economical and organizational aspects. The participants of the team pooled their own knowledge and methods to build a common questionnaire. A test was arranged in some farms with advisers as interviewers and this enabled improvements to be made to the structure of the questionnaire and to the way questions were asked. Training for the interviewers was organized. Data processing at national and regional level provided several deliverables including a national analysis, six regional analyses, farm monographs, and publications for farmers and advisers. Several local meetings took place to discuss the results with the interviewees (farmers), the interviewers (advisers) and sometimes stakeholders. The participants of the project team now consider that linking researchers, advisers and farmers in this multidisciplinary approach was very profitable. All of them say they have expanded their vision and understanding of farmers' working situations and argue that this has led them to change their research or advice practices.