Suchergebnisse

The large-scale war taking place on the territory of Ukraine as of 2023 has a
significant impact on budgetary processes and the financial system. In the face of new
challenges, the budget system is becoming a key tool for ensuring financial stability
and fulfilling the strategic objectives of the state. Military expenditures,
reconstruction of the affected territories, social support for citizens and other
unforeseen expenditures require effective management of the state and local budgets and
improvement of the financial security mechanism. The purpose of this article is to
define the theoretical and practical foundations of Ukraine's budget security, to
develop proposals for a strategy and measures to ensure the sustainability of the budget
system in times of war. In studying the issues of formation and functioning of Ukraine's
budget security, the author used a combination of empirical, comprehensive, systemic and
analytical methods and approaches that helped to achieve this goal. The study analysed
statistical data reflecting the state of budget security, including indicators
reflecting the specifics of the state budget system management. Nevertheless, the events
that took place in the period from 2014 to 2022 led to political and economic
instability in the country, which resulted in an imbalance in the functioning of
Ukraine's budget security. Given the difficulties associated with ensuring budgetary
security in a time of war, the author offers recommendations for achieving future
stability of the state's financial system, which involves adherence to the national
strategy and development of new financial security mechanisms. At the same time, a
sustainable budget policy promotes efficient resource management and stimulates economic
development. Investments in key industries, support for enterprises and innovations help
to strengthen the country's economy. The scientific results obtained in the course of
this study solve the urgent problem of developing and substantiating theoretical and
methodological approaches to the functioning of budget security, and can also be used to
determine ways to improve it and apply it by the country's state authorities

The large-scale war taking place on the territory of Ukraine as of 2023 has a significant impact on budgetary processes and the financial system. In the face of new challenges, the budget system is becoming a key tool for ensuring financial stability and fulfilling the strategic objectives of the state. Military expenditures, reconstruction of the affected territories, social support for citizens and other unforeseen expenditures require effective management of the state and local budgets and improvement of the financial security mechanism. The purpose of this article is to define the theoretical and practical foundations of Ukraine's budget security, to develop proposals for a strategy and measures to ensure the sustainability of the budget system in times of war. In studying the issues of formation and functioning of Ukraine's budget security, the author used a combination of empirical, comprehensive, systemic and analytical methods and approaches that helped to achieve this goal. The study analysed statistical data reflecting the state of budget security, including indicators reflecting the specifics of the state budget system management. Nevertheless, the events that took place in the period from 2014 to 2022 led to political and economic instability in the country, which resulted in an imbalance in the functioning of Ukraine's budget security. Given the difficulties associated with ensuring budgetary security in a time of war, the author offers recommendations for achieving future stability of the state's financial system, which involves adherence to the national strategy and development of new financial security mechanisms. At the same time, a sustainable budget policy promotes efficient resource management and stimulates economic development. Investments in key industries, support for enterprises and innovations help to strengthen the country's economy. The scientific results obtained in the course of this study solve the urgent problem of developing and substantiating theoretical and methodological approaches to the functioning of budget security, and can also be used to determine ways to improve it and apply it by the country's state authorities

The subject of research there is conceptual principles of issuing government securities to ensure debt security in conditions of full-scale war. The purpose of the article is to clarify the economic essence of the debt security category through the definition of its structural elements, as well as the features, advantages and reasons for issuing government securities in conditions of full-scale war. Method or methodology of the study. During the research, historical, analytical-empirical, inductive-deductive, comparative research methods were used to implement the principle of objectivity of scientific presentation; the method of analysis and synthesis - when evaluating indicators of debt security; graphical presentation of research results - when calculating the weighted average yield of military bonds. Results of the article. The article examines the issue of the essence, reasons for the issue and profitability of government securities in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, considers the need for the management of government securities as the only tool in subordinating the government from the standpoint of ensuring Ukraine's debt security in the conditions of a full-scale war. It is considered that a full-fledged and liquid internal market of government securities will allow to reduce the cost of state borrowing and reduce the risks of default. Attention is paid to the matter of the issue and profitability of a new financial instrument for Ukraine - military OVDP. Debt security is studied as a dynamic process taking into account the positive effects of the use of borrowed external and internal funds. It was determined that the full-scale war reversed the positive trend towards a decrease in the share of public debt in GDP and forced a departure from the strategy of strengthening debt security, and the growth of governamental debt during the state of war is a forced phenomenon. Field of application of results. The results of the research can be used in the theory and practice of public debt management in conditions of full-scale war. The assessment of debt indicators and their analysis will be a relevant source of information for developing ways to strengthen Ukraine's debt security in peacetime. Conclusions. The growth of the public debt during martial law is a forced phenomenon: tax revenues allow to finance expenditures by only one third. Having analyzed the structure of the public debt from the standpoint of instruments for attracting funds, we can come to the conclusion that government securities are the only state-controlled instrument for ensuring debt security in conditions of forced and uncontrolled growth, primarily of external state debt. Military bonds have a specific purpose, and the economic risks caused by a military invasion do not allow the use of OZDP and Eurobonds as debt refinancing instruments.

Relevance of the research topic. Various social cataclysms of the twentieth century and recent decades, such as the two world wars, the hybrid wars, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to the emergence of the concept of "social security" in the twentieth century. The latter, given the socialization of all spheres of human life, plays a key role in the entire national security system. In a democratic society, the interests of social security of the individual and the state as a whole must be reconciled and harmoniously balanced. In the legal field of Ukraine there is no official definition of the category "social security", and the term "social security" has recently entered into scientific and political circulation. In Ukraine, a new stage of legislative regulation of relations in the sphere of pension provision began with the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine. Only the laws of Ukraine define the basis of social protection, forms and types of pension provision (paragraph 6 of Article 85). Article 46 of the Constitution provides for the right of citizens to social protection, to ensure them in case of full, partial or temporary loss of working capacity, loss of the employer, unemployment from circumstances beyond their control, as well as in old age and other cases provided for by law [1]. Article 46 of the Constitution provides for the right of citizens to social protection, to provide them in case of complete, partial or temporary disability, loss of breadwinner, unemployment due to circumstances beyond their control, as well as in old age and in other cases provided by law [1]. Since the right to a pension can arise throughout a person's life, starting from birth, replacing lost income with a pension is important for the well-being and prevention of poverty of certain categories of the population. As the de jure three-tier pension system de facto remains only two-tier with a predominant share of first-tier pension benefits, it remains relevant to study the level of pension provision from the solidarity system, which is built on the principle of intergenerational solidarity. Problem solving. The need for a comprehensive study of the issue of pension provision, conceptual definition of its mechanisms (instruments) from different levels of the pension system, especially in the conditions of aging of the nation, is conditioned by the need to improve practice and raise the level of pension provision in Ukraine as a guarantee of social security of the person. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issues of functioning of the pension system, functioning of its components, including the solidarity pension system, as well as reform of the latter have found their coverage in the works of both domestic and foreign scholars. The works of well-known foreign scientists – Otto von Bismarck, D. Wittas, E. Atkinson, K. Bateman, W. Beveridge, R. Disney, K. Clark, K. Conrad, P. Laroc, T. Marshall, G. Rudolf and others. Among the researchers of the domestic pension system, the mechanisms of its financial support should be mentioned first of all L. Barannyk, N. Bolotin, O. Vrublevska, V. Grushka, I. Gnibidenko, O. Dmitriev, O. Zaletov, O. Kurilo, E. Libanov, N. Lavrukhin, O. Paliya, A. Fedorenko, V. Yatsenko and others. The results of their own research on the problem of pensions are given in [10, 13, 14]. The allocation of the investigated parts of the general problem. Despite the current work on the issue of pension provision of the population, further research in terms of social security of the person requires the content and practice of pension reform during the last 20 years, ways and possibilities of raising the level of pension provision of the population of Ukraine, especially in the conditions of Russian aggression against Ukraine. Setting of the task, objectives of the research. The object of the study is the level of pension provision as a guarantee of social security of the person, and the subject is practical aspects of pension provision from the first level of the pension system in Ukraine, the Pension Fund of Ukraine and the issue of its imbalance. The objective of the article is to assess the financial capacity of the solidarity pension system as a guarantee of social security of the person by analyzing the structure of sources of financing of the Pension Fund and the amount of expenditures for pension provision from the state budget. Method and methodology of the study. Statistical, comparative and system methods are used in the study to develop statistical data of PFCs. The results of analysis in the form of tables and graphs were executed by means of graphical and tabular methods and generalization of data. The structural-functional method is used to detect the impact of PFU revenues on expenditure volumes. Field of application of results. The obtained conclusions and results can be used for development and implementation of practical measures to improve the pension system, in the scientific field, in the educational process of higher education institutions in training specialists in major 8.18010014 "Management of financial and economic security", in the social component of economic state security, in particular, social security. The practical relevance of scientific results will contribute to achieving a higher level of social protection, meeting the needs of people who have reached the retirement age. Conclusions. Today, the welfare of almost one third of the population of Ukraine depends on the financial capacity of the pension system. Funding for pension provision should be directed at achieving the main goal – realization of constitutional rights of all citizens to receive financial support in case of loss of the operator, disability, disability, disability, disability, old age and other cases established by the legislation [11]. In Ukraine, for almost 20 years, they are trying to implement pension reform, but effective and effective results have not yet been achieved. The current state of the solidarity system of pension provision is characterized by the "fear" of the population of the retirement age and chronic deficit of the Pension Fund. This is evidence of low social security for people of retirement age, according to international estimates of poverty, at which the cost of daily consumption is set at $ 5 (up to UAH 4,300 per month). That is, 85.4% of Ukrainian pensioners as of January 1, 2021 received a pension in the amount lower or at the level of this limit (up to UAH 5,000). The annexation of Crimea, the fighting in the East and almost 2 million IDPs, Russia's large-scale war against Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, gave rise to the concept of "sudden poverty".

Relevance of research topic. The constant growth of Ukraine's public debt requires effective management of it. The larger the amount of debt, the harder it is to serve the state, so this topic is especially relevant in the context of those economic situations in which Ukraine has been during the recent years of the hybrid war with Russia and the protracted financial crisis. Formulation of the problem. The social and economic significance of public debt is increasing every year, because it is linked to the country's debt security, which affects the budget capacity of the state. The problem is the search of ways to improve the mechanism of public debt management in the direction of strengthening Ukraine's debt security, which since independence has been living at the expense of IMF loans. Analysis of recent research and publications. The theoretical foundations of state debt and debt security, methodological approaches to its evaluation, the formation of a mechanism for providing debt security and its management were highlighted in the works of O. Baranovsky, D. Boyko, Z. Varnaliy, V. Kozyuk, M. Kubai, O. Cheberyako and other scientists. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Despite the rather deep theoretical study of the issue of debt security of the state, it should be noted that there is a need for its further study taking into account the specifics of the national economic situation and the strategic course of Ukraine on European integration. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The purpose of the article is to study the state of debt security in Ukraine by analyzing the dynamics of public debt and developing recommendations for raising the level of debt security of the country. A specific goal has necessitated the following tasks: to study the theoretical foundations of state debt and debt security; to analyze the dynamics of changes in the state debt of Ukraine and the state of national debt security; to determine the problems of management of the state debt, which resulted in the existing state of debt security in Ukraine; to propose of ways to optimize public debt to strengthen debt security. Method or methodology for conducting research. During the research historical, analytical-empirical, inductive-deductive, comparative research methods were used to implement the principle of objectivity of scientific presentation, as well as in the determination of the debt condition of Ukraine, tools of economic-mathematical modeling and graphical presentation of research results were used. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The work is disclosed the theoretical foundations of the state debt, shows his place in economic research and the influence on the debt security of the state. The condition of the state debt of Ukraine is analyzed. The features and rationale for strengthening the debt security of Ukraine through the prism of improving the mechanism for managing and servicing the public debt are disclosed. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the theory and practice of public debt management. The assessment of debt indicators and their analysis will be an expedient source of information for developing ways to strengthen Ukraine's debt security. Conclusions according to the article. One of the main components of financial security is debt security. The role of its decisive component - public debt - determines the priority of public debt management and its servicing, which is an important condition for the stability of the financial system of the state and security. Debt security of Ukraine is in an unsatisfactory state, for improvement it is necessary to improve the debt policy of the state and debt management.