Suchergebnisse

Introduction. The article highlights the role and trends of urban development in a single regional space. The authors consider the industrial region, where the economic centers are the cities of monospecialization (metallurgy, mechanical engineering), which form the settlement framework of the regional economic system. At the same time, the connectivity of the regional space was determined by the contacts of cities in infrastructure areas and the possibilities of agglomeration formations. The authors analyze the urban environment of cities in the region, which revealed common problems for them in organizing urban space. It was shown that the competition of cities for a person can be won by offering the population more comfortable working and living conditions, a variety of social services, and the possibility of using agglomeration effects. Scientific novelty of the research. The peculiarity of the author's research was a new approach to urbanization as an urban way of life, extended to a set of cities of different status and population in the region. At the same time, the zones of attraction and concentration of business and social activity were connected with large cities and centers of agglomerations of the region, which ensure the joint use of resources, transport, and social infrastructure. The purpose of the article is to Identify constraints and opportunities for developing cities in a single regional space, taking into account their connectivity and interaction. Methods. The authors use the information base: statistical data, scientific literature, and expert assessments to clarify the conceptual tools of the research and to analyze the demographic situation in the cities-centers of agglomeration associations of the region. The authors present the assessment of the state of the urban environment, and reveal the disproportions in its organization. The research approaches are tested on the example of the cities of the Chelyabinsk region.

Introduction. The article analyzes the current socio- economic situation in the region (Chelyabinsk region), which is characterized by negative changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, the corona- virus crisis not only highlighted the existing problems and weaknesses of the socio-economic situation, but also exacerbated the basic accumulated problems in the region. The peak load on the economic, demo- graphic, and social spheres (especially healthcare) in the Chelyabinsk region and other regions of the Rus- sian Federation occurred in 2020. The measures taken by the state to support the population and businesses made it possible to stabilize the situation and avoid sig- nificant post-COVID losses. However, the spread of the pandemic continues, and external challenges for the country and regions are intensifying. In this regard, it is important to understand the essence of the ongoing socio-economic processes in the country and regions, to analyze and systematize the disparate and multidirectional factors that determine the new reality. In this regard, the authors formed problem groups, within which they considered the spheres of life, where the challenges and threats in connection with the pandemic have increased significantly. These included: a group designated as «Economics»; group «Demog- raphy», group «Standard of life». The increase in threats and danger in these areas due to the spread of COVID-19 has most affected the well-being of people, the deterioration in the quality of life, and the reduc- tion in its duration. To study the problems noted, the authors set a goal: based on analyzing the current socio-economic situa- tion in the constituent entities of the Russian Federa- tion, to identify threats to decreasing the population's quality of life during the pandemic and propose measures to overcome the negative post-COVID conse- quences for the region's residents. Methods. The information base was the statistical data of Federal State Statistics Service, information from the report of the Governor of the Chelyabinsk Region for 2020. The authors use the following methods: content analysis of scientific sources, grouping of risk factors during the pandemic, analysis of statistical indicators and data obtained from the results of monitoring the region. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the devel- opment of an original algorithm for express analysis of the current socio-economic situation in the region during the pandemic for prompt response and relief by the authorities of the threats associated with the spread of the pandemic. It (algorithm) includes the selection of the most vulnerable areas in terms of liv- ing conditions and well-being of people; grouping risk factors in these areas and determining their impact on the level and quality of life; analysis of indicators (planned and actual) for 2019-2020 in relation to the groups «Economics»; «Demography», «Social sphere» to determine the impact of adverse factors and to iden- tify the strengthening of the pandemic impact on the population's quality of life in the region. Results and conclusions. The authors carried out the content analysis of domestic and foreign scientific lit- erature on the research topic, specified the conceptual tools of the study, proposed grouping the main prob- lems in the region's socio-economic space, which have aggravated during the pandemic. In accordance with the grouping, an analysis of the current situation in terms of the economic state of the regional economy, the demographic situation and the level of well-being of the population of the region was carried out. The authors proposed measures to overcome the negative post-COVID consequences in the Chelyabinsk region. The analysis shows that the current socio-economic situation in the region continues to be difficult. Basic problems that were not solved at the previous stage of development are intensified in connection with the pandemic crisis. In crisis conditions, it is necessary to concentrate the efforts of the authorities, business, and the population on reducing risks and maintaining an appropriate level and the population's quality of life in the region.

Introduction. Developing human potential, improving the population's life quality of the regions are the unconditional priorities of the regional socio-economic policy. The implementation of such priorities requires an objective assessment of the existing socio-economic situation of the Russian Federation's constituent entities, an analysis of the conditions for regional development, a search for economic growth drivers, and the development of effective mechanisms for implementing priorities. The designated issues are in the area of scientists' and specialists' close attention, whose range of scientific research and applied practices is constantly replenished. In this regard, the article expands the understanding of the complexity of the regions' socio-economic and technological development, and various aspects of the processes of regional development are considered on the basis of the proposed model, the essence of which is represented by the triad "conditions-factors-results". Within the framework of the proposed triad, «conditions» were determined by the socio-economic situation of the region, scientific, technological and digital «factors» were considered as drivers of development; and "results" were investigated through social parameters that reflect the level of human development. Taking into account the importance of achieving social results in the framework of technological development, studies aimed at studying the interdependence of the processes of technological transformation and human development seem to be very timely and relevant. Purpose. Reveal the mutual influence of the scientific and technical potential and the level of digitalization of the territory, as factors of socio-economic development, on the human potential of the region. Methods. For the study, a statistical analysis was used based on data from Rosstat, Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, RIA Rating; correlation analysis; methods of comparative analysis, rating, grouping and positioning of regions. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the developed model of regional development, the content of which is described by the triad "conditions-factorsresults". The conditions of regional development are considered as opportunities to achieve the set goal, factors - as catalysts for technological development of territories, results - as an increase in human potential. At the same time, the model has reproductive characteristics, since it provides for direct and feedback connections, namely: the achieved «results» affect and change the «conditions» that form the updated «factors», which in turn generate new «results». The resulting cumulative effect of the technological development of the regions is converted into the strengthening and development of human potential. Results and Conclusions. The authors conducted a study on the influence of integral indicators of the socioeconomic situation of regions, the level of scientific and technical potential and digitalization on the human development index of the regions of the Ural and Siberian federal districts. The comparison of the regions was carried out both separately for each federal district and jointly for all regions of the two districts. The grouping and positioning of regions in the study of the triad «conditions-factors-results» made it possible to identify the strongest regions where a favorable socio-economic situation, high digital and scientific and technical potential contribute to the development of human potential. In contrast, less prosperous regions (from the standpoint of conditions and factors of technological development) are not capable of a technological breakthrough and are limited in their impact on human potential. The unevenness of digital development and the scientific and technical potential of the regions was established, and the leading regions and outsider regions characterized by unequal opportunities for technological development were identified. The positioning of the regions made it possible to identify groups for which measures are needed to expand opportunities for technological development. The influence of the level of digitalization and scientific and technical potential on the human development index was established, which made it possible to identify regions, one of which is advisable to be included in interregional interaction (partnerships) to enhance the use of their specific capabilities, while others - to overcome the lag in the studied areas of development.

Introduction. The article is devoted to identifying features of spatial placement of health clinics in megacities and assessing the degree of compliance/ deviation with standards of pedestrian accessibility. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is scientific ideas in the field of regional economics, spatial and normative analysis. Scientific novelty of the research consists in as- sessing availability and saturation of territories by health clinics, in the context of features of their spatial placement, taking into account the estab- lished regulatory requirements. Results. The place of the megacities of Ural Federal District among the megacities of Russia has been determined according to the conditions affecting availability of health clinics for the population. When carrying out a cartographic analysis of spatial placement of health clinics in Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk, district features of the cities studied were established, which made it possible to identify the existing problem areas characterized by an im- balance in the level of infrastructure facilities acces- sibility in relation to the regulatory requirements. The authors show the uneven coverage of clinic service areas, which reduces pedestrian and transport accessibility for citizens when receiving medical services. The features and differences of territorial localization of clinics in the actively built- up areas of Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk are revealed. Conclusions. The results obtained can be applied in the framework of determining priorities for implementing spatial transformations of studied territories and the authorities' decision-making in order to increase medical services availability.

Introduction. The authors clarify and expand the concepts of heterogeneity properties of regional socio-economic and digital spaces. Heterogeneity of space is associated with the regional uneven development and results in their socio-economic and digital differentiation, which, in turn, determines unequal conditions for ensuring the population's life quality. In the context of the study, heterogeneity of the regional space is defined as a property of uneven spatial development of the Russian Federation's constituent entities according to the territorial, sectoral, and temporary characteristics that determine and affect the level and quality of life of the population. The citizens' life quality throughout the country is an absolute priority of economic development at the federal and regional levels. Indeed, only then should we speak of a positive assessment of economic growth when it does not follow the path of the previous inefficient development, but is aimed at achieving a real improvement in people's wellbeing [3; 4; 17]. Taking into consideration the particular importance of social priorities and their implementation throughout the country, the authors think it necessary to study the properties of the economic space, to determine their impact on the population's life quality. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of heterogeneity of the regional socio-economic and digital spaces on the population's life quality in the Russian Federation's constituent entities. Methods. To conduct the study, the authors make use of statistical analysis based on the data of the Russian Statistics Agency, Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, Russian Information Agency Rating; content analysis, methods of comparative analysis and positioning of regions. The scientific novelty of the study consists in expanding ideas about heterogeneity of the regional space from the standpoint of the regional socioeconomic situation and the level of their digitalization, which result in differentiating the Russian Federation's subjects and unequal conditions for the people's life, to a different extent affecting the population's life quality throughout the country. In methodological terms, the study is supplemented by a pairwise comparison of the regional space characteristics and the multivariate positioning of regions in the coordinates: socio-economic space - quality of life; digitalization is a quality of life. Results. The authors study the impact of integrated indicators of the socio-economic situation of the regions, their digitalization level on the population's life quality in the Russian Federation's constituent entities. At the same time, the authors apply a comparison of various integral nature of the regional space indicators used, as a rule, autonomously, for multi-characteristic typologies (groups of regions I—IV and groups of regions A—D), by means of which a group of the most powerful regions was identified where the life quality is associated with the best socio-economic situation and active digitalization of these regions. Conclusions. It was found that uneven economic and digital territory development leads to interregional differentiation of the population's life quality, as a result of which the leading regions and the outsider regions are distinguished, characterized by unequal conditions for the citizens' life. The typology made it possible to identify groups of regions for which selective measures are needed to increase the level and quality of the population's life. For some regions, the priority is to use their economic potential and new digital technologies, for others, active interregional interaction; the third (the weakest) cannot provide a decent standard of living without profound government support.

Many empirical studies show a signifi cant relationship between economic growth rates not only with neoclassical factors, but also with indicators of research eff ectiveness. The insuffi cient level of development of institutions limits economic growth, since part of the resources is spent on protecting property rights, on overcoming the barriers of corrupt activity. Since neoclassical macroeconomic factors do not fully explain the diff erences in the behavior of macroeconomic growth indicators of the subjects of the Ural-Siberian region, it is necessary to accept the institutional factor. Our work provides an assessment of the macroeconomic assessment of the institutional environment based on the indicators of the Ural-Siberian region. For this, panel data and a two-way fixed eff ects model were used — a model with separate and temporal eff ects. The economic growth in the models is described by the gross product, the regressors are investments in the main capital organizations, the export of goods and a specifi c life expectancy, which describes the impact of socio-economic institutions on the economic growth of the subjects of the macroregion, while the fi xed eff ects of the impact on political institutions. Thus, socio-economic institutions determine the scope determinants that are the goal of research, including fi eld experiments to determine eff ective games.

The problem of signifi cant diff erentiation of incomes of the population in Russia and the regions is still acute. Indeed, there is a signifi cant diff erentiation of incomes and wages of the population according to territorial, sectoral and other characteristics, which is refl ected in a signifi cant stratifi cation of the population in terms of living standards. This requires eff ective measures to overcome the social polarization of society and reduce poverty. In the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, in the context of preserving the population, the health and well-being of people, such priorities are defi ned as ensuring the rate of sustainable growth in the population's income, reducing poverty. The authors of the article, within the framework of the study, set the goal, which was to determine the degree of diff erentiation in the incomes of educators in the region (Chelyabinsk region). For this, a sociological survey of employees of educational institutions was conducted, the generalization of the results of which made it possible to identify the level of income of employees in the context of territories, types of educational institutions and categories of education workers. For a comparative assessment of the income of employees, the ratio of the level of income recorded in the survey with such indicators as the minimum wage, the subsistence minimum, and the average monthly income in the fi eld of education in the region was demonstrated. This made it possible to assess the current situation with regard to the incomes of workers in the educational sector, to show how the importance of labor in education corresponds to the wages received and, in general, to incomes in this area.