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Cover -- Half Title -- Endorsements -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction: The Interaction of Law, Technology and the Payment Services Market -- Prologue -- I. General Framework: Technology, Market and Institutional Change -- II. An Overview: The Interaction of Technology, Financial Services and Fraudulent Activities in the Payment Market -- A. Payment Process and Payment Services -- B. Technology and Provision of Payment Services: From Physical to Digital -- C. Technology and Fraud -- D. Legal Institutions on Payment Services and Fraud -- E. Summary -- III. Interested Parties in Adopting Payment Technology and Countering Fraud -- A. Regulators and Lawmakers -- B. Financial Institutions -- C. Telecommunication Firms and Internet Service Providers -- D. Other Technology Firms and Start-Ups -- E. End Users and Fraudsters -- IV. Map of the Book -- Reference -- 2 An Overview of the Evolution of Payment Services and Fraud -- I. Introduction -- II. Overview of Payment Instruments and Services -- A. Basic Scenario -- B. Cash: Coins and Notes -- C. Negotiable Instruments -- D. Card-Based Payment -- E. Wire or Inter-Bank Transfer -- F. Informal Money Transfer -- G. Electronic Payment Services -- H. Cryptocurrencies -- I. Obstacle to Cross-Border Payment -- J. Summary -- III. Payment Fraud: A Broad Overview -- A. Defining Fraud -- B. Why Is Fraud Wrong? -- C. Mechanics of Payment Fraud -- IV. Chapter Summary -- Reference -- 3 From Metal to Paper: Fraud Related to Cash Notes and Coins -- I. Introduction -- II. Cash Payment Fraud -- A. Producing Counterfeit Money -- B. Using Counterfeit Money -- III. Legal Institutions Against Cash Fraud -- A. Criminal Sanctions Related to the Production of Counterfeit Money -- 1. Criminal Sanctions for the Production of Counterfeit Money.

The purpose of this Article is to examine the corporate governance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the Asian context by empirically surveying the influence of Temasek Holdings, Singapore's sovereign wealth fund, on its portfolio of government-linked companies in Singapore. Overall, the Temasek model seems to be a promising one. This Article shows that the top listed government-linked companies in which Temasek has a stake have greater board independence than the other top listed companies in Singapore. This illustrates that a high quality of corporate governance could be aligned with public interests associated with SOEs. While this research offers hope for SOE reformers in China, the Article also argues that the need for strong public governance, the role of foreign activities and market forces, and the importance of a government's desire to serve as a market leader are all underlying factors that make Temasek what it is today. Unfortunately, in the absence of those institutional factors, transplant of the Temasek model to other countries is unlikely to be entirely successful.

This article seeks to measure the development of law after transplanting common law and statutes from another country by conducting an empirical study of the citation of precedents and demography of disputes of insurance cases in Singapore. This article recognizes that there are justifications for Singapore to transplant English insurance law. However, this research shows that the transplantation of English commercial law into a small jurisdiction, even within the common law family, may cause the law to be in a static state if courts do not have enough cases to maintain the development of law or to consider new development in England. Copying English statutes completely would not solve most doctrinal problems when a large number of disputes are about contractual construction but doctrinal application. Instead of counting on courts to move the law forward, this article argues that legislative reform is necessary in the future to modernize Singapore's insurance law. In light of recent developments in England, whether Singapore needs to transplant new UK statutes will be an issue that Singapore legislators might consider in the near future.