Suchergebnisse

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to find the possibility of extending the capacity of urban drainage in highly urbanized cities with limited available space for flood management, while the anticipated increase in extreme rainfall is expected to raise the demand for higher capacity of water drainage or storage systems.


Design/methodology/approach
– The concept of the three-layer approach is introduced to identify the crucial factors which had impacted the historical change of natural water system. These factors can further help identifying potential spaces for new designs of flood management based on the spatial context of local history.


Findings
– In Pingtung case, a roadway surface drainage design is found as a complementary strategy by this method, which could effectively and practically extend the capacity of urban drainage without the need for requisitioning private lands or rearranging the complicated underground pipe and cable systems.


Research limitations/implications
– This is an initial exploration from the perspective of urbanism to respond to hydrological problems under the impact of extreme rainfall. The more precise hydrologic simulation need to be further established.


Practical implications
– This concept could be applied in delta cities to improve urban drainage by three steps: first, clarify the flooding problems; second, identify the available space; third, redesign hydrologic instrument with a multi-use of urban space.


Originality/value
– This research provides hydrologists and urban planners with a practical collaboration base for the issues of extreme storm events.

China is rapidly transforming into one of the world's most powerful economies, and the state encourages technological innovation to ensure that this trend continues. In particular, the state entices its citizens to receive education abroad and then return home to apply particular experience and expertise to their homeland's continued development. Yet despite these apparent advantages, Chinese technological products are generally not competitive with Western ones in the global market. Why does this paradox exist? This dissertation explores this puzzle, focusing on how technological innovation is being re-defined and produced by the Chinese government as well as by transnational Chinese professionals within the context of the global economy.Through archival research, discourse analysis, and 12 months of participant observation and interviews in Beijing, China, I arrive at the following conclusions. First, innovation development in China is constructed by the state as a political imagination driven by nationalistic entrepreneurialism. I call this mode of innovation development "imagined innovation." Moreover, through governing specific people and constructing nationalistic discourses, the state aims at consolidating capital, expertise, and other resources at the transnational level to reinforce state sovereignty. While this nationalistic strategy is successful in attracting foreign-trained Chinese to return to China in order to develop indigenous innovation, these professionals, labeled as "Haigui," also face various cultural obstacles in their everyday operations, which at times impede original innovation from taking place, due to the utilitarian nature of imagined innovation that favors political agendas and economic profits over cultivating original creativity.Nationalistic entrepreneurialism creates conditions in which Haigui can mainly rely on the efficient imitation and modification of Western technologies to gain competitive advantages in the Chinese market. However, driven by professional entrepreneurialism, Haigui also find themselves uniquely situated to identify innovative markets as well as develop socially creative practices to manage Chinese employees and promote their products. They do so in part through objectifying themselves by drawing on their cross-cultural experience, thus enabling them to flexibly develop technological and entrepreneurial practices. I call this form of subject-making "reflexive subjectivity" to illustrate how Haigui engage in reflexive thinking as they negotiate the difficult terrain of state power, market variations, and cultural differences.Therefore, I use the term "innovative entrepreneurship" to articulate the dynamic and multiple ways in which innovation is understood and produced in China under global influences. It is a constellation of political strategies, cultural practices, and business ethics that aims to build technological innovation in heterogeneous socio-cultural contexts. Ultimately, the rise of China in the global economy poses new questions about how to conceptualize innovation, as well as its relationship to international and Chinese markets. This research offers a new perspective on contemporary Chinese culture and politics with respect to innovation, and its arguments offer theoretical contributions as well as insights for policymakers and prospective Haigui entrepreneurs.

Abstract
Joint actions of social organizations have been frequently seen and continuously optimized since the outbreak of the COVID-19. This article is aimed to identify and explore the typical forms and development trends of collaborative networks of social organizations. Given the case studies on joint actions of social organizations, it builds an analysis framework based on actor-network theory (ANT). Research findings are as follows. First, there are, among social organizations in their joint actions against COVID-19, "loose", "vertical", "decentralized" and other typical forms of collaborative network, with "decentralized" collaboration showing quite a high degree of initiative. Second, "complex needs" and "political opportunities" that emerge in times of emergency response, "social entrepreneurship" and "bridging connective social capital" that accumulate in normal times, among other factors, have combined to drive vertical collaborative networks towards decentralization. The above three forms of collaboration, each with irreplaceable functions, together comprise an ecosystem of joint actions of social organizations. This article calls the landscape of dynamic practice of joint actions of social organizations a "ladder of collaboration".

ABSTRACTThe majority of extant studies that focus on performance and efficiency benchmarking of firms utilize only operational measures while neglecting to integrate stock market indicators in their methodological frameworks. Such an approach may lead to erroneous or biased conclusions given that operational and stock measures serve to capture different dimensions and attributes of an overall firm's activities, health, and prospects. Thus, we build and implement a two‐stage network data envelopment analysis process that utilizes both operational and stock market indicators in order to evaluate the performance of nine major international airline companies from 2006 until 2016. In our analysis, we show that there is heterogeneity in the performance of all airlines across time. Most notably, during the 2013–2014 European debt crisis and U.S. debt‐ceiling crisis, we find that stock market‐based performance scores declined significantly for all our sampled companies. We also show that while low cost carriers generally maintain higher operational‐based performance scores than their full service counterparts, full service carriers earn higher performance scores based on stock market indicators. This finding lends support to our approach and our general premise that argues that performance evaluation methods can yield more comprehensive conclusions if both operational and stock market indicators are utilized.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain how individuals form microblogging habits and why they continue to use microblogs from the perspective of direction social networks.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the social network theory and the social presence theory, the authors develop a theoretical framework to explain how individuals form microblogging habits and why they continue to use microblogs. To test the proposed model and examine its external validity, the authors collected data from two microblogs: Twitter and Sina Weibo.FindingsSatisfaction and habit have a significant influence on microblogging continuance intention. Whereas, users' microblogging habits are developed by two key factors – satisfaction and frequency of past behavior – that are further determined by social presence and social network centrality.Research limitations/implicationsLarger sample size with diverse populations is highly recommended for future studies. In addition, exploring the distinct technical functionalities of microblogs when conceptualizing habit formation would be of benefit in future studies.Practical implicationsIn this study, it was found that social presence increases both the satisfaction of users and the frequency of past use behavior. Hence, microblog designers should provide users with greater freedom to modify the form and content of their interface, and enable these modifications to be visible in real time to increase the interactivity of microblogs.Originality/valueIn contrast to past studies that have largely neglected the impacts of the directed social network structure, this study aims to focus on microblogging continuance intention from the directed social network perspective. The results from two independent data sets converge on the conclusion that users' continuance intention to use is affected by both their conscious evaluations (i.e. satisfaction) and unconscious reactions (i.e. habit).