Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Part I Foundations -- 1 Energy Transition: Challenges and Opportunities for the Oil & -- Gas Industry -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Oil and Gas in Energy Transition -- 1.3 Modernization and Digitization -- 1.3.1 Internet of Things -- 1.3.2 Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence -- 1.3.3 Blockchain Technology -- 1.4 Low-Carbon Fuels -- 1.4.1 Biofuels -- 1.4.2 Sustainable Aviation Fuels -- 1.4.3 Certified Gas -- 1.4.4 Blue Hydrogen -- 1.5 Harnessing Underground & -- Offshore Facilities & -- Expertise -- 1.5.1 Underground Hydrogen Storage -- 1.5.2 Geological Carbon Sequestration -- 1.5.3 Geothermal Energy -- 1.5.4 Offshore Wind and Solar -- 1.6 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 2 Climate and Financial Markets -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Climate Investing and the ESG Boom -- 2.3 Effect on the Oil and Gas Industry -- 2.4 Who Will Own the Energy Transition? -- 2.5 War and the SEC: A Reset -- 2.6 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 3 Introduction to Blockchain -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A Brief History of Money and Ledger -- 3.3 A Brief History of Blockchain -- 3.4 Introduction to Cryptography -- 3.5 Distributed and Decentralized Networks -- 3.6 Consensus Mechanism -- 3.7 Blockchain Networks -- 3.8 Smart Contracts -- 3.9 Blockchain Governance -- 3.10 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 4 Blockchain: Legal and Regulatory Issues -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Private Law -- 4.2.1 Contract Law -- 4.2.2 Allocation of Liability -- 4.2.3 Property Law -- 4.3 Criminal Law -- 4.3.1 Cybersecurity Attacks -- 4.3.2 Money Laundering Issues -- 4.4 Public and Administrative Law -- 4.4.1 Securities Law -- 4.4.2 Commodities Law -- 4.4.3 Privacy and Data Protection -- 4.4.4 Taxation Laws -- 4.5 Regulatory Approaches to Blockchain Technology in Various Jurisdictions.

AbstractWhat factors contribute to the differences in foreign direct investment (FDI) levels in environments characterized as high risk? While research shows that armed conflict influences foreign investment decisions, it remains unclear how conflict dynamics, specifically the relative power capabilities of warring parties, affect FDI. This study explores the effects of rebel strength relative to government forces on FDI. We argue that there is a reduction in foreign investments in civil conflict countries as rebels gain a military advantage relative to the government. Stronger insurgents send a signal that the government is losing its strength in the conflict, creating uncertainty regarding conflict outcomes and posing economic and security risks for investors. To avoid facing economic and property losses due to increasing rebel strength, investors are incentivized to decrease their investment in the conflict state. Using data on insurgent troop size relative to government forces and FDI, our findings show that higher military capabilities of rebel forces relative to the government are associated with less FDI inflows in conflict-affected countries.