Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Structural Framework and Core Arguments -- Acknowledgements and Others -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Part I General Introduction -- 1 Exploring the Way to China's Modernization -- 1.1 Initial Conditions, Target Pattern, and Evolution Mode of China's Reform -- 1.2 Deep-Seated Problems and Contradictions Facing China's Reform -- 1.3 Avoiding the "Middle Income Trap" Through Institutional Reform -- 1.4 Comprehensively Deepening Reform to Modernize State Governance -- 1.5 The Difficulty of Reform and Proper Reform Methodology for the Future -- References -- Part II Review of Reform: History and Development Course -- 2 Four Major Reforms in China Since the Modern Times -- 2.1 From the Self-Strengthening Movement to the Hundred Days' Reform and the New Policies of the Late Qing Dynasty (1840-1911) -- 2.2 The Xinhai Revolution and Explorations of the Market Economy (1911-1949) -- 2.3 Combination Planned Economy/Socialism (1949-1978) -- 2.4 The Reform and Opening-Up Leading to China's Rejuvenation (1978-) -- References -- 3 Achievements of Reform: Development, Transition, and Globalization -- 3.1 Economy and Society Step into Rapid Development -- 3.2 Transition from Planned Economy to Market Economy -- 3.3 Deep Integration into World Development Community -- References -- 4 Experience from China's Reform -- 4.1 Correctly Handling the Relationship Between Development and Stability -- 4.2 Pursuing Marketization Reform Featuring Deregulation and Decentralization -- 4.3 Implementing the Policy of Opening-Up for Integration into the International Community -- 4.4 Encouraging Regional Competition Through Delegation of Power to Local Governments -- 4.5 Facilitating Steady Transition with a Gradual Reform Strategy -- Reference -- 5 Three Stages of China's Economic Institutional Transition.

This book is about where to go and what to do in China's reform. Its comprehensive overview and economic analysis of China's reform offers a coverage not found in other English language text. It provides an overview of China's development and reform practice, an economic analysis of China's market-oriented reform and a brief introduction to the theoretical origin, practices, and defects of the planned economy. In so doing, this book demonstrates that the key to the success of China's reform lies in drawing reasonable governance boundaries between government and the market and between government and society. It further discusses the basic elements required for modernizing China's state governance system and conducts an analysis of China's reform and development in 13 key fields. The analysis is based on three dimensionstheoretical logic, practical knowledge, and a historical perspective. This book proposes three elements of comprehensive state governanceinclusive economic institutions; the state capacity to plan and implement policies and laws; and an inclusive and transparent civil society with democracy, the rule of law, fairness, and justice. Its analysis also features the novel application of mechanism design theory by employing the two core ideas of information and incentives and a new research methodology consisting of "three dimensions and six natures." This book reviews and grasps China's reform through a qualitative analysis of economic theories and an empirical analysis of statistics from a historical perspective spanning over 180 years. It is proposed to be an important reference for understanding the past, present, and future of China's reform and teaching about the potential economic superpower. It can also serve as an essential resource for those who are interested in China's economic reform and development.

Abstract
The analysis of historical climate change events can deepen the understanding of climate impacts and provide historical examples of coping with extreme events like drought. The data from historical records on droughts and famines were collected during the Chenghua drought (AD 1483–85), Jiajing drought (AD 1527–29), and Wanli drought (AD 1584–89) in Henan Province in the middle Ming Dynasty. Based on this, the average drought index (ADI), average famine index (AFI) and the average social regulation index (ASRI) were defined to quantitatively explore the differences in the social impacts of extreme droughts. The results were as follows: 1) As for ADI, the Wanli drought was the most severe (1.59), followed by the Jiajing drought (1.21) and the Chenghua drought (1.02). In terms of AFI, the famine conditions were the most severe during the Jiajing drought (0.43), followed by Chenghua drought (0.30) and the Wanli drought (0.15). 2) The ASRI values in the Chenghua drought, Jiajing drought, and Wanli drought were 3.90, 3.90, and 4.54, respectively. It could be concluded society showed the highest social regulation ability during the Wanli drought and showed the same level of the two other droughts. However, for the key years, the social regulation ability of the Jiajing drought was higher than that of Chenghua drought, especially in the alleviation of low-grade drought. 3) From historical documents, the progress of agricultural technology, the progress of famine relief policy, and the change in relief supplies greatly improved the social ability to cope with the extreme drought events.

Significance Statement
The analysis of extreme drought events in the past is important for understanding the interactions between human activities and natural variability, and its impact on society, economy, and even politics. Our goal is to explore the changes of ability to cope with extreme droughts through the statistical relationship of drought and famine in the three extreme drought events in Henan during the middle Ming Dynasty. The results showed that the social regulation ability of Henan to cope with extreme drought was significantly strengthened. Progress in agriculture and famine policy, and so on, had an important role in promoting the development of social regulation ability. How to improve the quantitative method for the social regulation by social impacts requires further research.

The Weibo social media platform in China has an important role in the value-generation process between a company and a customer. We investigated the relationship between the service quality provided on a company's Weibo page and the two dimensions of customer value cocreation behavior,
namely, participation and citizenship, as well as the moderating effect of collectivism on this relationship. Participants were 354 active users of Weibo. Our findings confirmed that the service quality provided on a company's Weibo page was critical to the generation of customer value cocreation
behavior. Further, collectivism moderated this relationship, with higher levels of collectivism strengthening the Weibo page service quality and customer value cocreation behavior relationship. In addition, customer citizenship behavior was positively related to customer perceptions of brand
image, whereas customer participation was not. Implications for companies in the Chinese context are discussed.

This study examines the impacts of political competition on eco-efficiency. We first develop a theoretical model in which local government officials compete against each other to maximize their own political score. We find that after an initial stage of decline, eco-efficiency eventually turns upwards, once environmental performance becomes a meaningful component of local government officials' annual assessment. Eco-efficiency also exhibits a pattern of convergence. Lastly, level of political competition is found to be negatively correlated with eco-efficiency. For the empirical analysis, we use a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to compute the eco-efficiency level for 191 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2015. Our empirical evidence presents a U-shape pattern in the trend of eco-efficiency, and helps us identify two peer effects that work in opposite directions for cities and regions: the incentivizing effect arising from higher performing neighbors, and the disincentivizing effect when a city outperforms its competitors. Both peer effects lead to convergence in eco-efficiency, and our spatial econometric modeling analysis suggests that the net peer effect is significantly positive. We also find evidence of political competition reducing eco-efficiency, as predicted in the theoretical model. Our findings are robust to alternative measures of eco-efficiency.