Suchergebnisse

Abstract
It has been extensively debated over whether the rise of flexible working arrangements (FWAs) may be an "opportunity" for a more egalitarian gender division of household labor or reinforce the "exploitation" of women in the traditional gender division. Drawing on a linked-lives perspective, this study contributes to the literature by using longitudinal couple-level dyadic data in the UK (2010–2020) to examine how couple-level arrangements of flexible working affect within-couple inequality in time and different types of household labor. The results show that among heterosexual couples, women's use of FWAs significantly intensifies their disproportionate share of housework and maintains their heavy childcare burden regardless of whether their husbands use FWAs. In contrast, men's use of FWAs does not change the unequal gendered division of housework and childcare, even when their wives do not use any FWAs. These patterns of intensified gender inequalities are more pronounced in routine housework tasks (e.g., cooking, washing, and cleaning), and among the reduced hours and teleworking arrangements. Overall, rather than providing an "opportunity" for a more egalitarian division of household labor, the use of FWAs maintains or even exacerbates the "exploitation" of women under the existing traditional gender norms.

Desde que a doença coronavírus (covid-19) foi declarada como uma emergência de saúde pública de interesse internacional pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em janeiro de 2020, levou à perda de milhões de vidas humanas e à recessão económica global. Cada vez mais, é reconhecida a necessidade de uma comunicação em saúde eficaz através dos media online, que possa fornecer informações credíveis e promover mudanças de comportamento relevantes. Assim, este estudo faz uma revisão sistemática da literatura, para compreender quais os conflitos de posição que existem e que lacunas de conhecimento permanecem em termos de uso dos media sociais durante a primeira vaga de covid-19, bem como indicar estratégias de comunicação relevantes. Esta pesquisa recolheu 76 artigos relevantes através de pesquisas na Web of Science e no Google Scholar. A análise revelou que grande parte da literatura veio confirmar o efeito positivo dos media sociais online na propagação de informações e promoção de precauções durante o controlo do covid-19. A propagação de rumores e a intervenção do governo nos media sociais têm aumentado as preocupações dos utilizadores. Atualmente, o debate continua sobre a associação entre a exposição aos media sociais e a saúde mental pública. Outra questão muito debatida é se os rumores são partilhados de forma mais ampla do que as informações verificadas e credíveis. Até agora, muito pouca atenção tem sido dada, nos media sociais, às disparidades e lacunas de informação e também aos grupos vulneráveis. ; Since the coronavirus disease (covid-19) was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization in January 2020, it has led to the loss of millions of human lives and a global economic recession. Recently, there has been a recognized need for effective health communication via social media to deliver accurate information and promote pertinent behavioral change. Thus, this study provides a systematic review to explore what has been done, what conflicts exist, and what knowledge gap remains in terms of social media use during the covid-19 wave, indicating relevant communication strategies. This research is based on 76 relevant papers taken from searches on the Web of Science and Google Scholar. The analysis revealed that much of the literature confirms the positive effect of social media on information propagation and promotion of precautions in the control of covid-19. The spreading of rumors, especially about government performance, in social media is clearly of increasing concern. Currently, heated debate continues about the association between exposure to social media and public mental health. Another fiercely debated question is whether rumors are shared more widely than fact-checking information. Up to date, far too little attention has been paid to information disparities and vulnerable groups on social media.

Desde que a doença coronavírus (covid-19) foi declarada como uma emergência de saúde pública de interesse internacional pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em janeiro de 2020, levou à perda de milhões de vidas humanas e à recessão económica global. Cada vez mais, é reconhecida a necessidade de uma comunicação em saúde eficaz através dos media online, que possa fornecer informações credíveis e promover mudanças de comportamento relevantes. Assim, este estudo faz uma revisão sistemática da literatura, para compreender quais os conflitos de posição que existem e que lacunas de conhecimento permanecem em termos de uso dos media sociais durante a primeira vaga de covid-19, bem como indicar estratégias de comunicação relevantes. Esta pesquisa recolheu 76 artigos relevantes através de pesquisas na Web of Science e no Google Scholar. A análise revelou que grande parte da literatura veio confirmar o efeito positivo dos media sociais online na propagação de informações e promoção de precauções durante o controlo do covid-19. A propagação de rumores e a intervenção do governo nos media sociais têm aumentado as preocupações dos utilizadores. Atualmente, o debate continua sobre a associação entre a exposição aos media sociais e a saúde mental pública. Outra questão muito debatida é se os rumores são partilhados de forma mais ampla do que as informações verificadas e credíveis. Até agora, muito pouca atenção tem sido dada, nos media sociais, às disparidades e lacunas de informação e também aos grupos vulneráveis. ; Since the coronavirus disease (covid-19) was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization in January 2020, it has led to the loss of millions of human lives and a global economic recession. Recently, there has been a recognized need for effective health communication via social media to deliver accurate information and promote pertinent behavioral change. Thus, this study provides a systematic review to explore what has been done, what conflicts exist, and what knowledge gap remains in terms of social media use during the covid-19 wave, indicating relevant communication strategies. This research is based on 76 relevant papers taken from searches on the Web of Science and Google Scholar. The analysis revealed that much of the literature confirms the positive effect of social media on information propagation and promotion of precautions in the control of covid-19. The spreading of rumors, especially about government performance, in social media is clearly of increasing concern. Currently, heated debate continues about the association between exposure to social media and public mental health. Another fiercely debated question is whether rumors are shared more widely than fact-checking information. Up to date, far too little attention has been paid to information disparities and vulnerable groups on social media.

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of cultural integration on business cooperation in the Republican Era. We collect the composition of bank boards and directors' biographical details of 28 principal banks in China, compiling a panel dataset from 1921 to 1936. The data allows us to classify directors' merchant groups, a typical cultural reflection, thereby calculating the cultural difference at the bank‐pair level. Using the boards' cultural traits, we find cultural difference among bank boards is negatively related to their director‐sharing decisions, an indicator of inter‐bank cooperation. Also, cultural identity on boards facilitates banks to participate in loan syndicates with the yield and risk shared. Further composition tests show that cultural attitude towards clan orientation, trust and open spirit embedded in the business culture is the root of inter‐banking cooperation. The finding reveals the importance of informal institutions in financial development and contributes to the debate on cultural and institutional bifurcation between China and Europe.