Suchergebnisse

The present study of 6- to 13-year-old children in the United States examined bullying victimization's relationships with social disorganization, social structural factors, social relationships, mental health, access to health insurance, and caregiver types. A sample of 12,966 children aged 6 to 13 years was extracted from the 2018 National Survey of Children's Health for secondary data analysis. Logistic regression results indicated that these children's likelihood of being bullied was positively associated with racial discrimination, family violence, child mental health problems (depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and behavioral/conduct problems), girls, children aged 6 to 10 years, caregiver education level, and nonrelative caregivers; such likelihood also had negative associations with Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, other ethnic minorities, family cohesiveness, caregiver mental health, and caregiver age. Implications included interventions for family support and bullied children's mental health problems.

Abstract
This study examined relationships between participation in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs and citizenship status, and between TANF participation and restrictive TANF policies. Its sample of 8,657 adults (yielding 66,680 person-years, the units of analysis) was extracted from a 2001–2009 national longitudinal data set. Generalized estimating equations showed TANF participation to be associated in a positive direction with prior TANF receipt and with poverty, single motherhood, number of dependent children, and race/ethnicity (specifically African American, Hispanic, and other racial/ethnic minority groups). Negative associations were found between participation and the following: citizen status, being less educated, being unemployed, being younger, and availability of state funds for noncitizens. The variables birth outside United States and policy of rendering noncitizens ineligible were not significantly associated with participation. This study's main finding was that noncitizens were less likely than citizens to participate in TANF, regardless of nativity or restrictiveness of TANF policies. This debunks the notion that immigrants should be barred from the United States because they burden its welfare system. Other implications for policy are discussed as well.

Summary Published literature has demonstrated that strong case manager–client working alliances foster improvement among clients. Reflecting a case-management context, this study explored how working alliances, as perceived by clients, are related to interpersonal capacities (or social support); intrapersonal dynamics; severity of problems facing client; and other client and case manager characteristics. The study included 101 clients and their 26 case managers at four nonprofit social-service agencies. Findings Working alliances, as perceived by clients, were observed to be associated positively with 3 variables: working alliance as viewed by case manager, length of time client worked with case manager, and client female gender. In turn, client mental-health or substance-use problem was linked to client unfavorable perception of working alliance. No link was observed between client perception of alliance and 6 variables: client social support, goal achievement, problem severity, client–case manager shared ethnicity, case manager work experience, and client age. Applications The findings suggest that working alliance is collaborative and interactive throughout the helping process. This impacts social work training protocols. Case managers who must establish working alliances with clients need the relevant collaboration skills, which may need to be introduced and practiced at in-service meetings or workshops.