Suchergebnisse

Traditional towns and villages in China have experienced profound formal transformation in recent years as a result of national political policies promoting rural development. By analyzing how this new production of space reflects efforts to achieve "Socialism with Chinese characteristics," this report seeks to understand its underlying mechanisms and their relation to issues of tradition. Using the region of Huizhou in Anhui province as site for examination, the report examines forces driving change from a number of directions: from the "top-down" by government, by local people from the "bottom-up," and in terms of design-led interventions from the "middle." It concludes that the contextual production of space in Huizhou is being compromised, and that Huizhou building traditions are in decline, being inherited only in fragments. And it calls for a more active role by designers to nurture social awareness and raise the profile of design values in rural areas.

AbstractThe Qiantang River, located in Zhejiang Province, China, is a major water supplier to a highly populated region for multiple uses. With economic development, the received pollutants exceeded its assimilative capacity, leading to algal blooms or fish kills. This study was an up‐to‐date evaluation of the assimilative capacity of the Qiantang River, investigating the influence of stream flow. A confidence of 75 and 90% of instream flows were selected as the design flows, while the traditional one‐dimensional point discharge model and QUAL2K model were used to analyse biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) assimilative capacity. The results showed that the assimilative capacity of 75% confidence instream flow was larger than that of 90% confidence. The assimilative capacity based on QUAL2K model considered almost all rates of BOD gain and loss, which were larger than that of one‐dimensional point discharge model. The total amount of BOD discharged into Qiantang River was 17 1283 t·a−1 in 2004. Under 75 and 90% confidence river flow conditions, the calculated total BOD reduction percentage of the whole river was 38.2 and 55.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the results were used as criteria for developing a BOD total maximum daily load (TMDL) in order to achieve the sustainable use of water resources derived from Qiantang River watershed.

Decentralized methods for targeting poverty are widely adopted in developing countries to improve the performance of various poverty alleviation programs. A common challenge for implementing successful decentralized targeting is the existence of elite capture. China has recently implemented a nationwide decentralized poverty targeting program, the targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) policy, to achieve the national goal of eliminating absolute poverty by the end of 2020. As the largest decentralized poverty targeting program in the world, TPA's successful implementation was believed to be threatened by elite capture in some earlier reports. Since 2015, a targeting correction mechanism, called "follow-up checks" policy, has been introduced. With the "follow-up checks" policy, the elites and other ineligible households who receive benefits under TPA were removed from the program. This paper investigates the elite capture phenomenon in TPA using village census data from a poverty-stricken county in 2017 – two years after implementing the "follow-up checks" policy. We find no evidence of elite capture in TPA. The elites are unlikely to become beneficiaries or receive more benefits than non-elites. Our results contradict earlier findings that reported elite capture in TPA. We argue that the reason is the accountability emphasized by the central government in the "follow-up checks" policy. Our findings imply that having proper accountability is critical for improving targeting performance by global antipoverty initiatives. ; PR ; IFPRI3; DCA; ISI ; DSGD; ECAO