Suchergebnisse

The citizenship curriculum used in Taiwan during the authoritarian period from 1949 to 1987 sacrificed the individual for the national interest as a tool for political socialisation. In the wake of democratisation since 1987, the curriculum has gradually been stripped of its nationalist overtones which were designed to foster 'informed citizens' to facilitate those in power. The increased stress on the reflective and critical capabilities of the individual reminds pupils to examine their positions and roles in society instead of mechanistically accepting the existing social structure. This article sheds light on the intricate internal-external power relationships and differing views on critical pedagogy among curriculum designers. Interviewed curriculum designers hold that pluralistic ideologies should be presented in the curriculum and then room should be left for students to deliberate or judge for themselves. As the gatekeepers tasked with deciding which information to include and being faced with the intervention of numerous internal and external forces, the Curriculum Committee sided with the critical theory and aimed to break the unreflective social reproduction. Keywords: Curriculum Studies, Citizenship Education, Critical theory, Critical Pedagogy, Curriculum Design, and Social Reproduction

Community development is seen as a crucial factor to realize sustainable development and vice versa, and for indigenous peoples in particular due to their associations with nature and natural resources. However, historical exploitation of indigenous peoples has resulted in their underachievement worldwide. The popularization of the concept of sustainable development followed a series of international treaties and conventions that shed light on indigenous peoples&rsquo ; revival. Drawing upon Michel Foucault&rsquo ; s notion of the power-knowledge relationship, this article uses a case study of an indigenous tribe, the Smangus in Taiwan, to demonstrate how a politically, socially and economically disadvantaged community incorporates their traditional norms and customs into the notion of sustainable development and reinterprets it to adapt the community&rsquo ; s conditions. By re-uniting the community and establishing a cooperative organization, the community has revived cohesion in their community. The community&rsquo ; s conduct is investigated through the United Nations&rsquo ; Sustainable Development Goals 2015&ndash ; 2030, and the article illustrates how it fulfils three Targets and the extent to which they are fulfilled. To conclude, Smangus&rsquo ; case remind us of the importance of achieving sustainable development goals on micro- and local levels, and the value of empowering local communities to pursue their own sustainable development goals according to their circumstances. This article ends with suggestions for future research, and suggests that more studies using such a bottom-up approach to sustainable development would help to accumulate knowledge and experiences to establish a pattern of success to help other disadvantaged communities, draw focus to the need to bridge the policy gaps between the United Nations and local communities, and recall attention to the role of micro- and local communities to achieve sustainable development goals.

This article compares the development of citizenship education (CE) in Taiwan and England, as well as teachers' perceptions about the liberal and communitarian constructs underpinning the curriculum in both countries. Due to distinct social and political environments, the Taiwanese and English CE curricula demonstrate an interesting contrast. Until 1987, the Taiwanese curriculum grew under an authoritarian regime which had implemented the citizenship curriculum in 1945; in England, however, CE was not added to the school timetable until 2002, after a long debate about the controversial and potential influence of the subject. This article first offers an overview of the development of CE in Taiwan and England. Following this preliminary understanding, interview accounts with 20 CE teachers are included to share insights based on actual practical experience. The English curriculum leans towards a communitarian type of 'active citizenship', but teachers in England mention a gap between the theory and practice. In addition, reservations about the existence of the assumed 'common values' underlying the communitarian construct are dealt with. In contrast, social and political participation is not perceived as a goal that is emphasised in the Taiwanese curriculum. Taiwanese CE sides with the 'liberal construct', but is criticised by some in Taiwan for ignoring moral values and character-building. It is also observed that both curricula use a 'deliberative democracy' approach to compensate for the shortcomings in curriculum construction. For a comparative study such as this, weaving both cases together demonstrates how each curriculum could derive inspiration from the other.

Thailand has always been China's very friendly partner. Since Thailand islocated in the center of Southeast Asia, it is geographically close to China. The education cost in Thailand is considered low for Chinese families. The open policy of Thai government brings more opportunities to Thailand. Thailand has advantages in offering business opportunities, including international educational business. Due to the differences in language, cultural background, academic pressure, and climate, it is inevitable for Chinese students to encounter difficulties in Thailand. In order to assist Chinese students to meet their academic goals, and to serve the society and the community during their stay in Thailand, this research is designed to examine the composition of intercultural communicative competence and relationships between each components, clarify the main factors that affect intercultural communicative competence of Chinese students in Thailand, and build a model to improve intercultural communicative competence of Chinese students in Thailand.

Dissertation (Ph.D. (Management))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2018 ; Thailand has always been China's very friendly partner. Since Thailand is located in the center of Southeast Asia, it is geographically close to China. The education cost in Thailand is considered low for Chinese families. The open policy of Thai government brings more opportunities to Thailand. Thailand has advantages in offering business opportunities, including international educational business. Chinese students have become the major source of foreign students in Thailand since year 2006. Due to the differences in language, cultural background, academic pressure, climate, and etc., it is inevitable for Chinese students to encounter difficulties in Thailand. In order to help Chinese students to meet their academic goals, and be able to serve the society and the community during their stay in Thailand, the research is designed to examine the composition of intercultural communicative competence and relationships between each components, clarify the main factors that affect intercultural communicative competence of Chinese students in Thailand, and build a model to improve intercultural communicative competence of Chinese students in Thailand. ; [preview](https://repository.nida.ac.th/bitstream/662723737/4375/3/b204599e.pdf.jpg)

PurposeThe spatial and psychological distance within agri-food chains provides both profit and risk for supply chain members. Grounded on the transaction cost economics (TCE) and institutional theory (IT), the purpose of this paper is to test whether the adoption of multiple supply chains (MSCs), which adopt both traditional and shortened supply chains, can be used to manage uncertainty and mitigate the risk associated with a supply chain.Design/methodology/approachIn order to test the hypothesis, matched questionnaire surveys were developed to collect the data from farm managers and consumers. Completed questionnaires were received from 112 respondents. The hierarchical regression analysis was performed to test hypotheses.FindingsThe result shows the positive effects of environmental and behavioral uncertainties on MSC adoption and represents the diminished moderating effects of institutions (industrial and consumption tendency) on the relationship between uncertainties and MSA adoption.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only explored producers and their recommended consumers; future studies can undertake questionnaire designs (one producer-to-many consumers) and empirical analyses with analytic hierarchy process theory to reexamine the hypotheses proposed in this study.Practical implicationsMSC adoption is a way to manage uncertainties resulting from spatial and psychological distance in the supply chain. Producers and consumers show their risk preferences by SC adoption after considering pre-constructed societal norms. Therefore, the consumers' and producers' choice of a supply chain reflects a process of communicating risk. The adoption of a mixed governance mode (MSC adoption) and accessing information about common practices are two ways to decrease such uncertainties.Social implicationsThere are multiple goals (traceability, fairness, efficiency, well-being) in the food supply chain that may be satisfied by MSC adoption. Therefore, policymakers should understand the different values of various supply chains and facilitate the development of various supply chain modes.Originality/valueThis study integrated the undersocialized and oversocialized perspectives (TCE and IT) to understand how uncertainties of supply chains may be diminished. Based on these perspectives, it found that the adoption of the mixed governance mode and accessing of institutional information are two ways to decrease such uncertainties.

Despite explosive growth in the number of Facebook users, little research has investigated the use of different Facebook features. Thus, this study explored what motivates people to use various Facebook features as well as the social impact of using the website itself. Users with experience in both social interaction and social game features offered by Facebook were invited to participate in a survey. Our proposed research model was evaluated using the partial least-squares (PLS) method. Results show that social needs, enjoyment needs, and trend-following significantly influence the use of the social interaction features on Facebook, while immersion needs and achievement needs significantly influence the use of social games associated with the website. Interestingly, we found that different clusters of individuals have different sets of motivations. Furthermore, both social interaction features and social game features have positive correlations with social ties.

Micro-blogging is a new social networking service (SNS) that can be viewed as an easily accessible, simplified blog. The simple and swift spread properties of micro-blogging make it different to the conventional SNS. However, little empirical results were provided in prior literature to elaborate individual's behavior of micro-blogging use. Consequently, this study aims to explore the possible influence of individuals' motivations on their self-disclosure and instant information sharing behavior as well as the extent of perceived social support in micro-blogging. Individuals who had experiences on Plurk usage were invited as subjects. The partial least squares (PLS) was utilized to examine the proposed model and hypotheses. Analytical results indicate that popularity and interpersonal needs significantly influence individual's self-disclosure, while interpersonal and entertainment needs significantly influence individual's instant information sharing behavior. Moreover, both individual's self-disclosure and instant information sharing behavior have a positive relationship with the perceived extent of social support.

Tourism is a leisure-related social activity. People always choose their desired tourism destinations and types according to their interests, intentions, and preferences. This means that personality influences tourism consumers' behavior. We examined the impact of extraversion and sensation
seeking on international tourism choices, based on data obtained from a large-scale survey of Taiwanese nationals aged 20 years and older. The results of our analysis confirmed the research hypotheses, that when compared to people with no international tourism experience, those with international
tourism experience tend to have higher levels of extraversion and sensation seeking.