Suchergebnisse

In 2011, Andrew Liveris, a former CEO and chairman of The Dow Chemical Company, one of the three largest chemical producers in the world, published the book "Make in America. Re-invention solved". During the 2016 presidential campaign, he was one of D. Trump's top donors. In 2017, the President appointed him to lead his American Manufacturing Council. The slogan "make in America" became the second key ideological element of Donald Trump's presidency, along with the popular "make America great again". The strategy of restoring American industry has become the basis of D. Trump's economic policy and is continued by J. Biden. It also in many ways strengthened and accelerated the confrontational vector in the U.S. policy towards China. This is a vivid example of how ideas can get into American political discourse, become official concepts that determine not only the country's internal development, but also foreign policy strategies. In American politics, there is a well-established mechanism for such transition of ideas into political concepts and big strategies. Through this mechanism, the authors are striving to track the dynamics of the U.S. – China confrontation. This article explores the evolution of the "China Threat" concept in American policy from "think tanks" analytical papers to Senate hearings and annual reports towards, finally, the National Security Strategies of the last three administrations. This research shows the gradual change in narratives from the "U.S. – China partnership" to the "U.S. – China confrontation". The principles of systems analysis allowed us to consider the process of formulating current foreign policy approaches to China through the interaction of the main elements of the U.S. foreign policy strategic conceptualization. In this systemic process, there are three interrelated actors – research centers, Congress and the President. The research period is limited to the term of the last three presidents, with a view to trace, if possible, the point of transition from the declared "well-being" in bilateral relations to the declared confrontation. The authors came to the conclusion that the escalation of the "China Threat" in political discourse starts from the period of B. Obama's defense budget reduction and was highly promoted by the U.S. Department of Defense and military-industrial complex interest groups through conceptualization of the threat by think tanks.

Relevance. For modern Russia, the problem of a career for young people is especially acute due to the unpredictability and unpredictability of external circumstances in which career processes are carried out. The formation of a personality is impossible without an established positive attitude towards work, readiness to acquire a particular profession. The profession sets a certain social background for people's lives. And therefore, many young people, when choosing a career, link their future profession and their possible material well-being.The purpose of the work is to identify the characteristics of the influence of career expectations on the professional choice of Russian and Chinese students in conditions of social risks.Objectives: to identify the specifics of career expectations of students in Russia and China; carry out a comparative analysis of the features of the influence of career expectations on the professional choice of Russian and Chinese students.Methodology. The methodological basis of the article is: a systematic method that allows us to identify the main elements of the external environment that determine the specifics of professional orientations of modern students; a comparative method reflecting the characteristics of the career expectations of Russian and Chinese students.Results. The paper reveals behavioral patterns that determine the dynamics of career expectations of Russian and Chinese students, accompanied by both positive and negative effects in professional self-realization; The results of the study made it possible to see the different orientations of the student youth of the two countries when making a professional choice, which are not only representatives of the new generation, but also representatives of two different civilizations: Eastern and Western.Conclusions. For Chinese university students overall, the results show that the top six career expectations include: equality of opportunity and fair competition; high income; provision of health care, pension and housing funds; good perks; satisfaction of hobbies and interests; opportunity to use their talents. For Russian students, the choice of a stable place of work prevails, and they also show a high interest in leadership activities, the ability to organize the work of other people, and have a high social status.

Relevance. Currently, digitalization processes and the introduction of new technological innovations in Russian society lead to a restructuring of not only economic but also social relations, thereby predetermining both new opportunities and new risks. However, the degree of influence of these risks on individuals and society, their positive and negative effects in the scientific community have not yet been sufficiently formulated.The purpose is to identify the attitude of the regional population towards the digitalization of society and risk factors associated with the introduction of digital technologies into the life of society.Objectives: to analyze the manifestation of the digitalization process and its risks in the perception of the regional community; explore the degree of influence of digitalization risks on the life of society.Methodology. The study uses general scientific methods of cognition of social phenomena: structural-logical analysis and methods of theoretical generalization ‒ to clarify concepts and construct research conclusions; sociological methods for obtaining empirical data.Results. The population of the regional community has an understanding of the digital society, digitalization processes and various manifestations of risks in the digital society. Transformations in the digital sphere can bring catastrophically large-scale changes in society, and can transform not only the surrounding reality, but the person himself and the world around him.Conclusions. In modern digital society, the probabilistic manifestation of risks is not fully identified and their impact on the life of society is not assessed. Digitalization should be aimed at creating advantages (conveniences) in various aspects of everyday life and providing every citizen with equal opportunities to access services, information and knowledge provided on the basis of information and communication technologies.