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Despite several overlaps between crime and terrorism, criminological examinations of terrorism to date have been limited. To fill this gap in the research, we examine several individual and contextual socio-demographic characteristics of a diverse sample of extremists operating in the United States who have committed violent crimes. In addition, we provide a comparative analysis to explain and understand differences between extremists who have committed violent crimes while active in either far-Right, far-Left (including environmental and animal rights extremists), or Al Qaeda and affiliated movements. To assess the impact of external factors on the nature of domestic extremist violence, we also comparatively examine these three types of domestic extremists before and after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. We find several similarities across domestic extremists but many important suspect- and county-level differences as well. We end the paper with suggestions for future research that could extend the criminological study of terrorism. Adapted from the source document.

Contents: Introduction; Part I Patterns of International Terrorism: The four waves of modern terrorism, David C. Rapoport; Al Qaeda, trends in terrorism, and future potentialities: an assessment, Bruce Hoffman; After 9/11: is it all different now?, Walter Enders and Todd Sandler; Transnational terrorism hot spots: identification and impact evaluation, Alex Braithwaite and Quan Li; Trajectories of terrorism: attack patterns of foreign groups that have targeted the United States, 1970-2004, Gary LaFree, Sue-Ming Yang and Martha Crenshaw; The nature of the beast: terrorist organizational structures and lethality, Victor Asal and R. Karl Rethemeyer. Part II Causes of Transnational Terrorism: Ideologies of violence: the social origins of Islamist and Leftist transnational terrorism, Kristopher K. Robison, Edward M. Crenshaw and J. Craig Jenkins; Does democracy promote or reduce transnational terrorist incidents?, Quan Li; On ethnic conflict and the origins of transnational terrorism, Atin Basuchoudhary and William F. Shughart II; Incubators of terror: do failed and failing states promote transnational terrorism?, James A. Piazza; Economic globalization, Quan Li and Drew Schaub; Education, poverty and terrorism: is there a causal connection?, Alan B. Krueger and Jitka Maleckova. Part III Impacts of Transnational Terrorism: The impact of transnational terrorism on US foreign direct investment, Walter Enders, Adolfo Sachsida and Todd Sandler; Terrorism and the world economy, Alberto Abadie and Javier Gardeazabal; Terrorism-induced structural shifts in financial risk: airline stocks in the aftermath of the September 11th terror attacks, Konstantinos Drakos; Assessing the impact of the September 11 terrorist attacks on US airline demand, Harumi Ito and Darin Lee. Part IV Responding to Transnational Terrorism: A theoretical analysis of transnational terrorism, Todd Sandler, John T. Tschirhart and Jon Cauley; Patterns of transnational terrorism, 1970-1999: alternative time-series estimates, Walter Enders and Todd Sandler; Terrorism shocks: domestic versus transnational responses, Todd Sandler; Collective versus unilateral responses to terrorism. Todd Sandler; Strategies and practical measures to strengthen the capacity of prosecution services dealing with transnational organized crime, terrorism and corruption, Yvon Dandurand; Name index.

The dramatic terrorist attacks of 9/11 highlighted significant gaps in research on the topic as governments, community groups, social service agencies and law enforcement agencies were forced to respond without any evidence-based guidance on best practices for tactics, strategies, and policy development. The essays selected for this volume demonstrate that transnational terrorism is now a thriving area of study and display the breadth and depth of scholarship that has recently been published. The research draws attention to global patterns of transnational terrorism; highlights various structural and cultural explanations; provides an overview of some of the ways that terrorism impacts society; and discusses strategies used to effectively respond to transnational terrorism. This volume, which is of interest to academics, policymakers and practitioners, provides a repository of some of the best contemporary research in this field.

Intro -- Contents -- Series Foreword -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Part I: Theoretical Overview -- Chapter 2. Holy War in the Media: Images of Jihad -- Chapter 3. Between Enemies and Traitors: Black Press Coverage of September 11 and the Predicaments of National "Others" -- Chapter 4. Commodifying September 11: Advertising, Myth, and Hegemony -- Chapter 5. Rituals of Trauma: How the Media Fabricated September 11 -- Part II: News Texts and Cultural Resonance -- Chapter 6. "America under Attack": CNN's Verbal and Visual Framing of September 11 -- Chapter 7. Internet News Representations of September 11: Archival Impulse in the Age of Information -- Chapter 8. Reporting, Remembering, and Reconstructing September 11, 2001 -- Chapter 9. Creating Memories: Exploring How Narratives Help Define the Memorialization of Tragedy -- Part III: Popular Narratives -- Chapter 10. Step Aside, Superman... This Is a Job for [Captain] America! Comic Books and Superheroes Post September 11 -- Chapter 11. Of Heroes and Superheroes -- Chapter 12. Narrative Reconstruction at Ground Zero -- Chapter 13. Agony and Art: The Songs of September 11 -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- About the Contributors.