Suchergebnisse

The preponderance of minority presidents in modern democracies has concentrated the attention of researchers on the multi-party coalitions that presidents form to govern in legislative assemblies. This analysis of "coalitional presidentialism" has focused almost exclusively on presidential systems in Latin America, and Brazil in particular. It has understood multi-party presidential coalitions as cabinet-level constructs, which bind the support of parties in legislatures through portfolio payoffs. In this paper, we explore this analysis in a non-Latin American context: post-Soviet Ukraine. Using original quantitative and qualitative data, we find that portfolio payoffs are an important tool for managing Ukrainian coalitions. But, we also find that minority presidents have relied systematically on the support of legislative parties outside of the cabinet, and have used different payoffs to manage their support. Given that this complexity also exists in other new democracies, we argue that there is a need to distinguish between cabinet-level and floor-level coalitions in minority presidential systems.

The article analyzes the conceptual framework of public procurement system as an integral part of public regulation to ensure effective management of public resources. The authors consider the problems of transition to a new "quality" of the procurement system, increasing its innovative activity. They put forward proposals for institutional framework and mechanisms of regulating procurement, meeting the needs in innovative upgrading and modernization of the Russian economy.

The article analyzes the process of forming contractual relations at the government market for goods and services in Russia. The authors explore problems and identify up-to-date tasks of evolving market institution of governmental contractual works, defining reformation of the existing institutional system of public purchases as the top priority. They draw a conclusion that Russia needs an entire contracting system in the sphere of government purchases.

Introduction. The period of active global cybernetization and business automation was marked by a problem for Russian employers in the form of a shortage of qualified personnel capable of ensuring the development and competitiveness of business in the world markets.Methodology and sources. Sociology of education as a social institution has been developing since 1970 s. Its current theoretical foundation is based on two principles: 1) The principle of mutual convergence of social institutions (education – business, education – state, education – family); 2) Variety of educational practices as a factual manifestation of the phenomenon of continuous education. Today corporative learning is one of such practices that radically change the ecosystem of traditional education.Results and discussion. There was a problem of forming a system of training new human resources that meet the changing economic realities. Until the 1990s, before the collapse of the country and the beginning of political and economic reforms, the Russian Federation had a system of higher education as one of the most stable and well-established mechanisms for training personnel for all sectors of the economy. An indicator of the effectiveness of this system was that graduates of Russian universities were invited to work by well-known corporations from many countries of the world.Over the years of reforms, Russia has lost its previous model of education, which today significantly affects the quality of training. Many Russian enterprises are forced to follow the path of independent training and retraining of specialists. Development of corporative is necessary to compensate for the limitations of traditional higher education. At first, the training was organized locally and had a haphazard character, but over time, Russian entrepreneurs began to adopt foreign experience in forming a knowledge system in the company and even create corporate universities.Conclusion. The study examines the prerequisites for the formation of the system and the development of the corporate education market, provides current models of knowledge accumulation and suggests the author's cognitive model of professional development of personnel.

The Parliamentary Powers Index (PPI) developed by Fish and Kroenig (2009) is the most important effort to date to measure legislative power in cross‐national perspective, but it has been criticized on both theoretical and methodological grounds. We build on the 32‐item PPI to develop an alternative indicator of legislative strength that is based on an expert survey of 296 political scientists in 2014. We reweight each of the powers by expert opinion, creating a new Weighted Legislative Powers Score (WLPS) for the 158 national legislatures in the Fish and Kroenig data set. In addition, the article reports the expert‐assigned weight factors for the entire set of 32 powers contained in the original PPI, thus allowing researchers to innovate alternative, disaggregated indicators of legislative power.