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The paper provides insight in to the concept of cryptocurrency as considered by national and foreign authors, the principles of its functioning and the need to establish its legal status. Formulated is the definition of cryptocurrency, and the thesis that cryptocurrency can be classified as "other property" is grounded. The need for an official legislative definition of cryptocurrency attributes to the growth of transactions, cryptocurrencies trading at "official" marketplaces, and a change in the Russian government'sattitude towards cryptocurrencies from its banning to acceptance. One of the threats to the cryptocurrency turnover in financial markets was its "imaginary" anonymity –it has been generally accepted that cryptocurrency transactions are completely anonymous. However, all transactions are recorded on a public blockchain, and the key problem is to identify the account holder. Thus, it is not the account holder's identity that is anonymous, but rather an actual transaction. In our opinion, this problem can be solved by applying a series of computer-aided tests. ; El documento proporciona información sobre el concepto de criptomoneda según lo considerado por autores nacionales y extranjeros, los principios de su funcionamiento y la necesidad de establecer su estado legal. Formulada es la definición de criptomoneda, y la tesis de que la criptomoneda se puede clasificar como "otra propiedad" se basa. La necesidad de una definición legislativa oficial de las criptomonedas se atribuye al crecimiento de las transacciones, el comercio de criptomonedas en los mercados "oficiales" y un cambio en la actitud del gobierno ruso hacia las criptomonedas desde su prohibición hasta su aceptación. Una de las amenazas para la rotación de las criptomonedas en los mercados financieros fue su anonimato "imaginario", se ha aceptado generalmente que las transacciones de criptomonedas son completamente anónimas. Sin embargo, todas las transacciones se registran en una cadena de bloques pública, y el problema clave es identificar al titular de la cuenta. Por lo tanto, no es la identidad del titular de la cuenta lo que es anónimo, sino más bien una transacción real. En nuestra opinión, este problema se puede resolver aplicando una serie de pruebas asistidas por computadora. ; В статье рассмотрены мнения отечественных и зарубежных авторов о понятии криптовалюты, принципах ее функционирования и необходимости установления ее правового статуса. Сформулировано определение криптовалюты и обоснован тезис о том, что криптовалюту можно отнести к категории «иное имущество». Необходимость официального законодательного определения криптовалюты обусловлена ростом транзакций, выведением криптовалют на «официальные» торговые площадки, изменение отношения к криптовалютам со стороны государства. Одной из угроз оборота крипотовалюты на финансовых рынках являлась ее «мнимая» анонимность – долгое время, считалось, что транзакции с криптовалютой полностью анонимны. Однако, каждая транзакция имеет запись в публичном блокчейне, и главная проблема – установить личность владельца счета. Таким образом, анонимна не сама транзакция, а личность владельца счета. Данная проблема на наш взгляд, может быть решена путем проведения ряда компьютерных экспертиз. Сегодня немало физических и юридических лиц осуществляют покупку криптовалютыили используют ее в расчетах за товары, работы, услуги. Росфинмониторинг почти пять лет назад говорил о том, что федеральными органами исполнительной власти и ЦБ РФ осуществляется мониторинг обращения «денежных суррогатов» и что по его результатам будет рассмотрен вопрос регулирования выпуска и оборота криптовалют. Однако в настоящее время правовой статус криптовалюты на территории РФ ни в гражданском, ни в отраслевом законодательстве не определен. Принятие в Российской Федерации основополагающего закона, содержащего необходимые термины и понятия относительно криптовалютной деятельности и регламентирующего статус криптовалюты в России, позволит в дальнейшем разработать меры правовой охраны объектов посягательств, которые в настоящее время никак не регулируются.

The paper provides insight in to the concept of cryptocurrency as considered by national and foreign authors, the principles of its functioning and the need to establish its legal status. Formulated is the definition of cryptocurrency, and the thesis that cryptocurrency can be classified as "other property" is grounded. The need for an official legislative definition of cryptocurrency attributes to the growth of transactions, cryptocurrencies trading at "official" marketplaces, and a change in the Russian government'sattitude towards cryptocurrencies from its banning to acceptance. One of the threats to the cryptocurrency turnover in financial markets was its "imaginary" anonymity –it has been generally accepted that cryptocurrency transactions are completely anonymous. However, all transactions are recorded on a public blockchain, and the key problem is to identify the account holder. Thus, it is not the account holder's identity that is anonymous, but rather an actual transaction. In our opinion, this problem can be solved by applying a series of computer-aided tests.

The coronavirus pandemic has had a profound impact on society. Educational institutions are taking steps to organize the learning process, which will not only preserve, but also improve its quality in the current critical situation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of implementing distance education in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The distance learning conditions created to guarantee epidemiological safety in order to preserve the health of students and teachers include the use of innovative technological means. We have proposed several solutions to the problems that have arisen in the process of organizing distance education: organizational problems on the technical side of the subject, reducing the burden of teachers and students, organizing effective independent work, and others. It is concluded that the distance learning media and technologies used in the teaching of professional disciplines contribute to the gradual development of the students' professional competence. The results of the study showed that distance education technologies implemented in the practice of a higher education institution expand the possibilities for students to master educational material.

The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state and problems of political and legal development of the society, examines the main research positions, theoretical and methodological approaches to modeling the state-legal development of the society in the context of ensuring socio-cultural integrity and sustainable civilization development. Separately, the work analyzes the structure of political integrity and the multilevel process of socio-cultural development of political and legal institutions of the society, the specifics of which are determined by the basic scenarios of political and legal thinking, the interaction mode between the individual, the society and the state, the form-forming tendencies in the institutional-power organization of the society. The authors argue that the civilizational strategy of research and formation of doctrinal and program provisions determining the vector of social development shall be aimed at the reconstruction and interpretation of public power institutions as stable and successively reproduced civilizational phenomena in a certain socio-cultural environment. ; El artículo proporciona una evaluación integral del estado actual y los problemas del desarrollo político y legal de la sociedad, examina los principales puestos de investigación y los enfoques teóricos y metodológicos para modelar el desarrollo jurídico estatal de la sociedad en el contexto de garantizar integridad cultural y desarrollo de la civilización sostenible. Por separado, el trabajo analiza la estructura de la integridad política y el proceso multinivel de desarrollo sociocultural de las instituciones políticas y jurídicas de la sociedad, cuyos detalles están determinados por los escenarios básicos del pensamiento político y legal, el modo de interacción entre el individuo, la sociedad y el estado, las tendencias formadoras en la organización del poder institucional de la sociedad. Los autores argumentan que la estrategia civilizadora de investigación y formación de disposiciones doctrinales y programáticas que determinan el vector del desarrollo social deben estar dirigida a la reconstrucción e interpretación de las instituciones de poder público como fenómenos de civilización estable y sucesivamente reproducidos en un cierto entorno sociocultural. ; O artigo fornece uma avaliação abrangente do estado atual e os problemas de desenvolvimento político e legal da sociedade, examina as posições-chave de pesquisa e abordagens teóricas e metodológicas para modelar o desenvolvimento jurídico estado da sociedade no contexto de integridade assegurando desenvolvimento cultural da civilização sustentável. Separadamente, o artigo analisa a estrutura da integridade política e processo de desenvolvimento sociocultural multinível das instituições políticas e legais da sociedade, cujos detalhes são determinados pelos cenários básicos do pensamento político e jurídico, o modo de interação entre o indivíduo, a sociedade e o estado, as tendências formativas na organização do poder institucional da sociedade. Os autores argumentam que os arranjos de pesquisa estratégia civilizadora e doutrinários formação e programáticas que determinam o vetor de desenvolvimento social deve ser destinado à reconstrução e interpretação das instituições do poder público como fenômenos da civilização estável e sucessivamente reproduzidas em um determinado ambiente sócio-cultural.

The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state and problems of political and legal development of the society, examines the main research positions, theoretical and methodological approaches to modeling the state-legal development of the society in the context of ensuring socio-cultural integrity and sustainable civilization development. Separately, the work analyzes the structure of political integrity and the multilevel process of socio-cultural development of political and legal institutions of the society, the specifics of which are determined by the basic scenarios of political and legal thinking, the interaction mode between the individual, the society and the state, the form-forming tendencies in the institutional-power organization of the society. The authors argue that the civilizational strategy of research and formation of doctrinal and program provisions determining the vector of social development shall be aimed at the reconstruction and interpretation of public power institutions as stable and successively reproduced civilizational phenomena in a certain socio-cultural environment.