Suchergebnisse

Tema di questo lavoro è l'analisi di alcune possibili cause di viscosità nell'aggiustamento dei prezzi in modelli con imperfetta informazione da parte dei consumatori.

Fin dai primi decenni di questo secolo, alcuni studiosi di impostazione marxista hanno affrontato il problema della crescita di un sistema capitalistico con riferimento ad una nozione, quella di "mercati esterni", che diverrà, sebbene con notevoli modificazioni d'accento, elemento fondamentale della successiva teoria keynesiana e post-keynesiana.

By developing a linear model in a two-country framework of international price competition, we show how the degree of product differentiation and the cross-country distribution of private firms affect the strategic privatization choices made by governments concerned with their own country's welfare. More particularly, the work points out that sufficiently low product differentiation may lead public ownership to be optimally chosen to restrict competition in the country with the larger number of firms, and privatization to be global welfare enhancing in this case.

In The Economics of Imperfect Competition, Joan Robinson argued that an increase of the consumers' incomes should make demand less elastic—which, although reasonable about individual demand as an assumption on preferences, suggests a role for income distribution as far as market demand is concerned. We use Esteban's (International Economic Review, Vol. 27 (1986), No. 2, pp. 439–444) income share elasticity to provide sufficient conditions on income distribution that support the 'Robinson effect'—i.e. such that a negative (positive) relationship between individual income and price elasticity translates into a negative (positive) relationship between mean income and market demand elasticity. The paper also provides a framework to study the effects of distributive shocks on the price elasticity of market demand.

This paper extends the disequilibrium approach to aggregate demand and aggregate supply to situation in which the level of the fixed nominal wage is compatible with shortage of labour. We show that discontinuities arise in the AD-AS curves and that only a 'one sided,, not bilaterally stable equilibrium exists, which corresponds to the underconsumption regime. In order to show peculiarities, this extends AD-AS framework is then applied to a standard policy problem.

In a spatial competition model, changes in firms' competitive behaviour may occur when the hypothesis that individual gross surplus is positive in equilibrium is relaxed. We prove that there exists a region of the relevant parameter where firms' behaviour mimics collusion, while in another range they find it optimal to isolate from each other and behave monopolistically.

The paper proves the existence of a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium in a vertically differentiated duopoly with uncovered market, for a large set of symmetric and asymmetric distributions of consumers, including, among others, all logconcave distributions. The proof relies on the 'income share elasticity' representation of the consumers' density function, which ensures the analytical tractability of the firms' optimality conditions at a high level of generality. Some illustrative examples of the solution are offered, in order to assess the impact of distributive shocks on the equilibrium market configuration.

This paper contrasts the descriptive and normative properties of the New Keynesian general equilibrium models with those of other Keynesian paradigms, such as the neoclassical sintesi and the post Keynesian ones. We argue that the co-ordination failures, which are pivotal within the New Keynesian setup deliver an alternative picture of the market economies with respect to three key Keynesian issues: the interpretation of the failure of Say's Law, the monetary nature of the economy, the role of the state within a market economy.

The paper shows that the co-movements of optimal price and output in a monopolistic market can be a case of spurious correlation, price and quantity variations being affect by the degree of uncertainty in the consumers' incomes. The pattern of price and quantity changes depends on the shape of the distribution function of the stochastic variable "income of the consumers", as well as the size of the firm's costs.