Suchergebnisse

International audience ; La littérature a, avec la problématique de l'engagement, une histoire parti-culière : l'expression même de « littérature engagée » désigne un moment pré-cis de l'histoire littéraire qui, comme le rappelle Benoît Denis dans son livre Littérature et engagement, de Pascal à Sartre (qui me sert de guide ici), « a connu son rayonnement le plus intense entre 1945 et 1955 1 » et dont Sartre est évidemment un des plus célèbres représentants et théoriciens. L'écrivain engagé fait de la littérature « un moyen au service d'une cause qui excède largement la littérature 2 ». S'il ne renonce pas à la spécificité de l'écriture littéraire, il rejette l'autonomie du champ littéraire que le xix e siècle avait revendiqué haut et fort sous la plume d'un Théophile Gautier ou d'un Baudelaire, prônant qu'il n'y a de beau que ce qui ne peut servir à rien. Mais s'il peut en effet être envisagé comme un moment de la littérature française lié à des facteurs historiques et politiques précis, l'engagement en littérature n'a pas attendu le xx e siècle pour se manifester, d'une manière ou d'une autre. L'intérêt des Journées qui nous ont rassemblés est bien d'explorer l'engagement en littérature comme possible « transhistorique », sans diluer pour autant la notion d'engagement en disant que toute oeuvre littéraire est engagée dans la mesure où elle propose une vision du monde ou qu'elle pour-suit une fin.

Today, with frequency and severity of extreme weather, flood management became in the world a major concern for governments. The engendered problems are relative to goods and persons safety. Their considerations require a predictive management involving storage and draw-off strategy with several flood areas in order to limit water heights to the downstream of streams. A good flood management requires a control not only of storage to avoid downstream problems but also of water release to protect the fertility of flood expansion areas which are most often based on growing areas. In the literature, numerous described works were done on flows modeling and management. The work presented in this paper, is interested in the quantitative management by means of floods expansion areas placed along the river and for which we have their location as well as their sizing. The performances of management depend on moment and on height of gates opening which influence on wave mitigation. The proposed management method is based on a dynamic mechanism from which the water volumes to be stored or draw-off in time are calculated.

International audience ; Today, with frequency and severity of extreme weather, flood management became in the world a major concern for governments. The engendered problems are relative to goods and persons safety. Their considerations require a predictive management involving storage and draw-off strategy with several flood areas in order to limit water heights to the downstream of streams. A good flood management requires a control not only of storage to avoid downstream problems but also of water release to protect the fertility of flood expansion areas which are most often based on growing areas. In the literature, numerous described works were done on flows modeling and management. The work presented in this paper, is interested in the quantitative management by means of floods expansion areas placed along the river and for which we have their location as well as their sizing. The performances of management depend on moment and on height of gates opening which influence on wave mitigation. The proposed management method is based on a dynamic mechanism from which the water volumes to be stored or draw-off in time are calculated.