Suchergebnisse

Geopolitics is a concept that shapes shifts following the socio-political and economic changes made within or in neighboring states. Usually, the popularity in geopolitics is motivated by victory in war, which binds the nation, revives the national culture, and promotes the spiritual and territorial expansion into neighboring states. However, the defeat in war can be motivating as well, as the defeat catalyzes the creation and dissemination of geo-political theories. In the modern era, further study on the Russia-Ukraine war in relation to geopolitics must be considered. The Russia-Ukraine War and Its Consequences on the Geopolitics of the World analyzes the main geopolitical theories and discusses possible geopolitical, economic, military, security, and information consequences of the Russia-Ukraine war. The book also reviews the attitude of the main geopolitical players in the world toward the war and their foreign policy and national security priorities. Covering key topics such as democracy, international security, and geopolitical interests, this premier reference source is ideal for government officials, policymakers, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

"This book presents the study of the topic "psychology of terrorism" which is especially relevant in connection with the increase in the number of terrorist attacks committed by various terrorist organizations around the world and with the constant threat of terror that leads to the destabilization of the political, economic, and social situation in the state"--

"The purpose of the book is to introduce the people who are interested in World politics - scientists, researchers, representatives of civil society, public sector, students etc. with the main characters of the modern political structure of the world, global problems related to International Security and ways for their resolution"

"This book considers the main principles of democracy and human rights, including the analysis of personal, political, economic, social, legal, ethnic, and religious freedoms as well as the importance of democracy enlargement for the establishment of peace and stability in the world"

The author analyzes the geopolitical, economic, energy, military, historical, informational, and other important factors, which played a role in the Russian military aggression against Ukraine.
Particularly, the author presents a comprehensive overview of the reasons behind the implementation of the intervention in Ukraine and the violation of the main principles of morality and international law by Russia. Furthermore, the author shows how Russia is losing geopolitical influence in the world and particularly in the post-soviet space, which the Kremlin considers as a zone of geopolitical and geostrategic interests of Russia after the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
The author also examines the economic consequences of the war, including how the military operation has damaged the Russian economy, and how this has negatively affected the Russian government's budget. One of the results of it is the decreasing volume of Russian oil and gas exports, especially in the European market. In this context, some aspects of how the war affects the global economy are also discussed and analyzed.
Regarding military aspects, the statistical data related to Russian losses in the war, including military personnel and military techniques also are considered in the framework of the research.
In the research, attention is paid to the importance of analyzing some historic factors, related to the imperialistic policy of the Russian empire, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation accordingly from the 19th century till now. Particularly, the focus is on kinds of violations that have been implemented by their rulers against different states and nations, including mass deportations and genocides of the civilian population.
In conclusion, the author presents possible scenarios for developments related to the Russia-Ukraine war.

In this research paper, the author analyzes the actions taken on behalf of the Russian government in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. In particular, attention is paid to measures such as the pseudo-referendums held at the end of September 2022 in the east and south-east of Ukraine, the Kremlin's propaganda, the policy of the occupiers related to the establishment of pro-Russian administrations, control of the local population, deportation of Ukrainians, the distribution of Russian passports, the introduction of a Russian education system and other measures of Russification as well as mass violations of the fundamental principles of human rights.
In October 2022, the Russian State Duma unanimously supported the incorporation of the so-called "Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics" and Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions into the Russian Federation.
After the pseudo-referendums held in the four temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, on September 30, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed "agreements" with the representatives of the occupation regime on the acceptance of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia regions into Russia.
The documents were published on October 3, but it remained unclear where, in the occupants' opinion, the borders of Russia now lay in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine.
These actions contradict the basic principles of international law on the territorial integrity of a state and the inviolability of borders. The results of the "referendums" were not recognized by any country in the world, including the closest allies of the Kremlin such as Belarus, or even those countries that had recognized Abkhazia and the so-called "independence" of South Ossetia (Venezuela, Nicaragua, Syria, Nauru). Accordingly, the holding of pseudo-referendums is another weak attempt by Russia to impoverish Ukraine's statehood, especially since Russia lost control of a significant portion of its "newly-joined territories" as a result of bold actions on the part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

The study focuses on NATO's nuclear policy in the face of Russia's aggressive policy and threats from the Kremlin.
The author examines the history of the nuclear policy of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization since the founding of NATO, as well as key aspects of the implementation of NATO's nuclear deterrence policy.
Part of the study focuses on the geostrategic aspects of NATO's nuclear triad and covers the three components of the nuclear triad: strategic bombers, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs). It also examines specific aspects of the use of nuclear systems by the three main nuclear powers of NATO, namely the USA, the UK, and France, and the main geopolitical rivals of the Alliance, specifically the Russian Federation, taking into account Russian aggression against Ukraine, and the People's Republic of China.

The paper discusses the history of cyber warfare, its essence, basics and origins, the Internet, and technological advances. As well as threats from cyberwar, cyber-attacks, cyber defenses of different countries, viruses, malware and hacker attacks, information warfare, propaganda, disinformation, fake news, security concepts, and challenges. The main topic of the research is cyberwar, as a process following the real conventional war, as well as an alternative version of the war. There are analyzed global security, the role of the United States, and NATO. Based on the research, the paper separates and explains different terms, focusing on the political term "civil cyberwar" presented by discourse analysis based on new circumstances. Keywords: Cybersecurity, Cyberwarfare, NATO, Security, Strategy, USA

AbstractThe whole twentieth century and the beginning of the 21st century has been unique in modern history; for three centuries the structure ofinternational politics remained multipolar, in the twentieth century it has changed three times. Multipolar at the outset, it became bipolar after theSecond World War, unipolar with the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and as the new millennium dawns it is gradually becoming multipolar oncemore. In this regard, by the presenting of the comparative analysis of the different international systems in the world, it is important to determinethe role and place of the USA within the modern international system.Keywords: Bipolarity, International System, Multipolarity, Unipolarity, USA, World Order

Formation of the internal politics is a difficult process. Its key element consists of the formulation and adoption of foreign policy decisions, and their character depends on many factors. These include geographical position of the country, existence of military and economic power, cultural, historical traditions, as well as the type of the political system, social structure of the society, and individual features of political leaders.Acceptation of foreign policy decisions may reflect critically not only on the country where it was accepted, but on the fate of humanity as well. It became more evident after the Cuban crisis in the year of 1962, when Soviet strategic missiles were placed in Cuba, and USA replied by blockading the island. At the time, decisions of both American or Soviet leaders on the nuclear attack could lead to an irreparable mistake. Along with increased awareness about the process, the acceptation of foreign policy decisions, especially in the situation of conflict and crisis, became one of the most important topics of scientific research.At present, several scientific directions and schools have been created, which are working on the problems of decision-making and findings the ways for the process optimization. These types of schools and directions are "overlapping," thus it is difficult to classify those one by one. In such situation, consideration of the directions, which would be more interesting for researchers, looks as more justified.Keywods: Political Psychology, Decision-making, Psychoanalysis, behaviorism, cognitivism, US Presidents

The paper explores the analysis of the main reasons of the restarting the confrontation between USA and Russia, review the military potential of two powers on the example of the structure of land forces, air forces, military fleet, nuclear potential etc.Second part of the research is dedicated to the observation the possible consequences of the abolishment Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, which was signed in 1987 between USA and USSR, particularly, what type of threats can be emerged for the International Community on the examples of the considering the missile potential of two countries and security environment in the Baltic and Black Sea Regions as a potential frontier lines between USA and Russia Federation.Keywords: Armed Forces, Cold War, Missile Systems, Russia, USA

The paper explores the analysis of the economic potential of the two leading economic powers in the world – the United States of America and China. Particularly, what was and is the level of economic growth in both countries, what will happen if the volume of GDP of USA and China gets equal or China surpasses USA? More concretely, how will all those factors influence the world political and economic order, etc.?Furthermore, the research paper pays attention to the connection between USA-China trade relations and the volume of the world trade and further development of the world economy.Keywords: China, Economy, GDP, Trade, USA

Bilateral relations between Georgia and Peoples Republic of China were established in 1992.China was one of the first countries who recognized independence of Georgia after the disintegration of USSR. Very soon China opened the embassy in Tbilisi, which gave a strong boost to the historical, political and economic relations between two countries.Georgia-China ties in the trade/economic relations have expanded from the period when Georgia managed to overcome the crisis,related to the Georgia-Russia war.During the last period, China has shown growing interest in Georgia. Notably, Chinese interests in Georgia currently focus on theeconomic sphere. However, the two countries share a common foundation for closer diplomatic cooperation. Additionally, deepening economic and business relations have a geopolitical corollary—by increasing its economic footprint China would have a growing interest in Georgia's stability and security, especially, after presenting the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. The BRI is a diverse series of projects and encompasses both land and sea corridors and includes 65 countries - nearly two-thirds of the world's population, and one-third of global GDP. Within this project, Georgia can help shorten the distance between China and Europe, whichwill be positively reflected on the transit potential of this South Caucasus country.

The paper explores the main nature and characters of the cold war and basic geopolitical,economic, information, military, ideological, cultural and other reasons, which determinedthe US, NATO and in general victory of the International Democratic Community overcommunist block and USSR during the "cold war", which played the decisive role for thestrengthening international security and further enlargement of democracy in the differentregions of the World.Keywords: Globalization, International Banks, International Business, Trans National Corporations,trade

This research aims to give an overview of the role of water resources in the world and make analysis of main problems – social,economic, demographic, etc. which may arise in international business and international relations in case of the deficit of waterresources. It also intends to analyze the role of hydro resources during relations among different states of the world in the field ofbusiness and political relations and using political, economic and legal mechanisms which can provide further exploitation of freshwater resources in favor of humanity.Keywords: deficit, hydro potential, international law, international regimes, waterJEL: F5