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The configuration of industrial enterprises in Romania, in terms of numbers and structure, in relation to their characteristics, mirrors the Romanian economy and society at large, in their chronological development. Marked by the changes in the technological and economic paradigm, by the legal-institutional framework and changes in the ownership regime, by the commercial policy guidelines on the background of the dominant economic doctrine, but also by the characteristics of the communities in which they were operating, in turn the 'architecture' of the industrial enterprises put a special footprint on the economic and social development. Our analyses are focusing on three major historical periods: a) the inter-war period, the arms industry, and the post-war reconstruction period of 1918-1947; b) the period of centralised economy (with nationalisation, collective farming, and planned economy as its corollary), 1948-1989; c) the period of transition to a market economy and the European Union integration, 1990-2017.

The extremely fragile balance of the Romanian labour market is severely affected by the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and by the sudden and almost general deterioration of the macroeconomic context and the business environment. The present study aims to argue that, in times of crisis, such as the current one, the labour market policies need to be varied but also synergistic, in order to stimulate employment and capitalize the potential of each category, so as to contribute to the recovery of the country's macroeconomic and financial framework. Despite the Government's anti-crisis and economic support measures, in the short term, the Romanian labour market is facing the unemployment rate increase, at least in 2020, as a result of the restrictions in many activities, exacerbating the vulnerabilities of the employed population structure described in the study. The analyses carried out revealed that, in Romania, the crisis affected practically all the members of society, but in a disproportionate manner, the most exposed being the vulnerable groups, namely people in the "grey" or informal area of the economy, those working in the most affected sectors and workers with low qualification, many deprived of the needed protection and social assistance. In the context of efforts to identify ways to reduce the distortions generated by the crisis, the integration of social security systems with social assistance can be a viable solution. As activities resume, the labour market tensions are expected to be mitigated both by labour market-specific measures, including those presented in the study, and at the macroeconomic level, adapted to the post-COVID-19 restructuring of the economy, with the necessary policy support at central and local level, including in terms of employment.

This book analyses the multidimensional condition of the Romanian industrial landscape, which played host to a multitude of demo-economic, financial, trade, and trans- and inter-sectoral development practices before the intense period of European deindustrialisation. The authors stress the need to recognise the economic importance of industry and renewed investment in infrastructure, tracing its impact on GDP, growth and labour productivity. With a focus on R&D, technological innovations and government funding, this volume highlights a strategy for the reindustrialisation, with consistent enablers, of Romania that can also be applied to other EU countries to ensure positive economic development in the context of new European and international policies

"This book analyses the multidimensional condition of the Romanian industrial landscape, which played host to a multitude of demo-economic, financial, trade, and trans- and inter-sectoral development practices before the intense period of European deindustrialisation. The authors stress the need to recognise the economic importance of industry and renewed investment in infrastructure, tracing its impact on GDP, growth and labour productivity. With a focus on R & D, technological innovations and government funding, this volume highlights a strategy for the reindustrialisation, with consistent enablers, of Romania that can also be applied to other EU countries to ensure positive economic development in the context of new European and international policies."--

The boom of world trade, the unprecedented openness of domestic markets, regional integration, and the persistence and magnitude of globalisation are as many challenges to the management of the internal balance between revenues and expenditures, both in the context of international, regional, national, and company mechanisms, and for the individual households and consumers. The coexistence of foreign deficits/trade and domestic deficits/ budget at macro level, at the same time with the accumulation of high levels of indebtedness of the states, non-financial corporate entities, and individual households requires, in the context of the present global financial crisis, new theoretical and practical approaches, new institutions, and new policies capable to secure the sustainability of growth, and to diminish the risk of increasingly unpredictable disturbances.

The book contains researchers' scientific opinions and ideas covering the broadest approaches, enabling an interactive exchange of ideas on state-of-the art knowledge and the latest research results and findings, including the harnessing tangible and intangible assets in the context of European integration and globalization.

Analysing the impact of agricultural performance on foreign trade concentration and competitiveness defines an important step in identifying the opportunities, challenges and proactive measures in designing a functional and marked based agricultural model. The scope of this study is to investigate the evolution of Romania's the foreign trade competitiveness and its concentration on main destinations during 2007–2016. In this context, in the paper are identified and investigated some of the competitiveness' mutations arisen from the Romania's trade flows concentration and restructuration in relation with 26 of the European Union member states. It was used a unique dataset on agro -food trade output and concentration across EU countries to construct measures of trade competitiveness. The results obtained suggest the existence of a dual relationship of the Romanian agriculture competitiveness and its dependence on the EU economic area, by the concentration of the commercial relationships.

Analysing the impact of agricultural performance on foreign trade concentration and competitiveness defines an important step in identifying the opportunities, challenges and proactive measures in designing a functional and marked based agricultural model. The scope of this study is to investigate the evolution of Romania's the foreign trade competitiveness and its concentration on main destinations during 2007–2016. In this context, in the paper are identified and investigated some of the competitiveness' mutations arisen from the Romania's trade flows concentration and restructuration in relation with 26 of the European Union member states. It was used a unique dataset on agro -food trade output and concentration across EU countries to construct measures of trade competitiveness. The results obtained suggest the existence of a dual relationship of the Romanian agriculture competitiveness and its dependence on the EU economic area, by the concentration of the commercial relationships.

This book explores multifaceted dimensions of economic crisis management including strategies and trends post-crisis. It examines the constraints and opportunities shaping the future of economics, social science and policy making, providing various economic models and paradigms. Featuring the best papers presented at the 2022 International Conference of Economic Scientific Research - Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches (ESPERA), this book explores topics of highest interest such as energy crisis, inflation, fiscal and monetary policy, food security, safety and sustainability, the future of work, global financial systems, sovereign debt sustainability, digital currencies, supply chain disruptions, and cybersecurity, among others. Through the discussion of these topics, this book bridges the gap between theory and practice in economic crisis management and it is useful for scholars, researchers, academics, and policymakers.

1. Synthetic composite indicators for monitoring changes in countries' development rankings - a bibliometric analysis -- 2. Motivation "after work": the right to retire versus the right "not to retire" -- 3. Assessment Models of the Digital Economy and Knowledge-based Societies in Europe -- 4. Economic Growth Through Financial Development: Empirical Evidences From New Member States And Western Balkan Countries -- 5. Capital markets union and international risk-sharing -- 6. FESBAL-UPM Food Bank Chair and the Service-Learning Projects from the "Working With People" perspective -- 7. Economic Aspects of the Innovative Alternatives Use in Agriculture -- 8. Scenarios for the allocation of direct payments under the CAP National Strategic Plan 2023-2027: coupled support -- 9. Romanian agri-food products competitiveness – an analysis using trade balances and unit values. Did the COVID-19 crisis influenced it?- 10. The Economic and Social Impact of Increasing Electricity Prices. Estimates, Analysis and Predictions -- 11. Maintaining green goals in disruptive times. Evidences from the European energy sector -- 12. Transition to a low carbon economy and the impact on the urban regeneration process -- 13. Analysis of the Changes Induced by the COVID-19 Crisis in the Structure of Daily Electricity Consumption -- 14. The importance of R&D in reducing CO2 emissions from passenger transport -- 15. The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the tourism sector. New challenges -- 16. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic crisis on vulnerable groups in Romania. Social policy responses -- 17. The special employment centers: The Spanish response to the insertion of people with functional diversity and its impact on the social economy -- 18. Geospatial characteristics of unemployment for the period 2010 – 2020 in the South-West Oltenia Development Region, Romania -- 19. Urban village - a trend accentuated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of the Bucharest - Ilfov region -- 20. Nature-based solutions for green infrastructure development -- 21. Hotel management in the XXI century: Opportunities, threats and implications -- 22. Digital divide and employment. From job disruption to reskilling workers for the future world of work -- 23. Global ethics – a potentially integrative paradigm of sustainable development for the new economy -- 24. How resilient is the labor market after a crisis? A comparative analysis of the effects generated by the financial crisis vs. the Covid-19 crisis -- 25. Investigating the economic and social impact induced by electricity prices -- 26. The Short Cycles of Labour Market Operation and Industrial Relations in Interwar Romania -- 27. Urbanization and the crisis of natural resources, in the context of sustainable development.

Although the European business environment induces important premises and assures conditions in determining economic growth and social well-being, the determinant and existent connections between the evolution of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), business demography characteristics and the European socio-economic model have been scarcely studied in recent years. The dimensions of the European socio-economic model design a very specific framework in developing business demography and assuring a favorable environment for future SME development. The main aim of the manuscript is to investigate the evolution of the European SMEs sector and the perspective of business demography evolution to converge with exigencies of the European socio-economic model. In order to argue the research objective, eight specific and representative business demography variables were employed, from 12 European Union member states (EU-MS), during 2009-2017. Further, the SMEs' performances, determined by changing the economic functional paradigm, were assessed. For proving this, an econometric model was designed considering labor productivity as an endogenous variable. Our preliminary analysis shows considerable differences in business demography indicators and SMEs development among all five socio-economic sub-models of the main European socio-economic model, proving a tight connection between European socio-economic models and SMEs' performance and arguing the necessity of a paradigm convergence. Within some sub-models, there is clear evidence of clustering and convergence in terms of business demography and SMEs future development.

The main research aim is to investigate and test the long-term existence of a balanced relationship (cointegration) between business demographics and economic growth, expressed in terms of real GDP per capita, and to estimate the econometric models expressing relationships between analyzed variables in European economy. Our The study has focused on ten out of the eleven former communist countries, currently members of the European Union, during the 2006–2016 time period. Croatia was left out due to the shortness of the time series available for it, that the study would have required. These findings have significant implications in designing and shaping the future business models in European former communist countries, and increase convergence. The results obtained confirm the existence of long-term balanced relationships between the variables examined, the forms of which however vary from one cluster of states to another.