The huge changes in agricultural activities, which may be amplified by the forthcoming Common Agriculture Policy reform, call the future of crop-livestock systems into question and hence the impact of these changes on landscapes and biodiversity. We analyzed relationships between agriculture, landscape and biodiversity in south-western France. The study area covered about 4,000 ha and included four villages. We conducted a survey of 56 farms. Multivariate analysis (multiple factor analysis and cluster analysis) were used to analyze relationships between 25 variables and to build a typology. The type of farming (beef and/or dairy cattle, cash crops), size (area and workforce) and cultivation practices, among others, were revealed as differentiating factors of farms. Six farming types were identified (1) hillside mixed crop-livestock farms, (2) large 'corporate' farms, (3) extensive cattle farms, (4) large intensive farms on the valley sides, (5) small multiple-job holdings, and (6) 'hobby' farms. The diversity of farming systems revealed the variable impact of the main drivers of change affecting agricultural development, particularly the enlargement and modernization of farms along with the demography of agricultural holdings.
International audience ; The huge changes in agricultural activities, which may be amplified by the forthcoming Common Agriculture Policy reform, call the future of crop-livestock systems into question and hence the impact of these changes on landscapes and biodiversity. We analyzed relationships between agriculture, landscape and biodiversity in south-western France. The study area covered about 4,000 ha and included four villages. We conducted a survey of 56 farms. Multivariate analysis (multiple factor analysis and cluster analysis) were used to analyze relationships between 25 variables and to build a typology. The type of farming (beef and/or dairy cattle, cash crops), size (area and workforce) and cultivation practices, among others, were revealed as differentiating factors of farms. Six farming types were identified (1) hillside mixed crop-livestock farms, (2) large 'corporate' farms, (3) extensive cattle farms, (4) large intensive farms on the valley sides, (5) small multiple-job holdings, and (6) 'hobby' farms. The diversity of farming systems revealed the variable impact of the main drivers of change affecting agricultural development, particularly the enlargement and modernization of farms along with the demography of agricultural holdings.
In this article, we assess the participatory experiences of a CIRAD research group created more than 20 years ago to provide support for a rural development plan for cattle farming in the highlands of Reunion Island. On the basis of an analysis of various Research & Development (R&D)projects, we evaluate the benefits and difficulties of a "Bottom-Up" approach. Four types of stakeholders have been systematically involved in these R&D projects. They all participate in the various steps of the innovation process. Although participatory approaches can be seen as timeconsuming and involving a risk of dispersion from the researcher's point of view, they lead to radical changes in the respective roles of the various stakeholders involved,beneficial for both the effective production and dissemination of innovative measures.
In this article, we assess the participatory experiences of a CIRAD research group created more than 20 years ago to provide support for a rural development plan for cattle farming in the highlands of Reunion Island. On the basis of an analysis of various Research & Development (R&D) projects, we evaluate the benefits and difficulties of a "Bottom-Up" approach. Four types of stakeholders have been systematically involved in these R&D projects. They all participate in the various steps of the innovation process. Although participatory approaches can be seen as timeconsuming and involving a risk of dispersion from the researcher's point of view, they lead to radical changes in the respective roles of the various stakeholders involved, beneficial for both the effective production and dissemination of innovative measures.
International audience ; In this article, we assess the participatory experiences of a CIRAD research group created more than 20 years ago to provide support for a rural development plan for cattle farming in the highlands of Reunion Island. On the basis of an analysis of various Research & Development (R&D)projects, we evaluate the benefits and difficulties of a "Bottom-Up" approach. Four types of stakeholders have been systematically involved in these R&D projects. They all participate in the various steps of the innovation process. Although participatory approaches can be seen as timeconsuming and involving a risk of dispersion from the researcher's point of view, they lead to radical changes in the respective roles of the various stakeholders involved,beneficial for both the effective production and dissemination of innovative measures.
International audience ; In this article, we assess the participatory experiences of a CIRAD research group created more than 20 years ago to provide support for a rural development plan for cattle farming in the highlands of Reunion Island. On the basis of an analysis of various Research & Development (R&D)projects, we evaluate the benefits and difficulties of a "Bottom-Up" approach. Four types of stakeholders have been systematically involved in these R&D projects. They all participate in the various steps of the innovation process. Although participatory approaches can be seen as timeconsuming and involving a risk of dispersion from the researcher's point of view, they lead to radical changes in the respective roles of the various stakeholders involved,beneficial for both the effective production and dissemination of innovative measures.
Les complémentarités culture – élevage entre exploitations spécialisées et/ou de polyculture-élevage correspondent à des idéaux théoriques, mais aussi à des réalités de terrain qui restent mal connues. Cette étude fondée sur plusieurs cas d'études de collectifs d'agriculteurs montre une grande diversité de situations : à plus ou moins grande échelle, d'intensité variable en volume de produits échangés, en régularité des échanges, en stabilité de la relation partenariale. Pour autant, l'enjeu est de parvenir à classifier ces expériences de terrain pour aider les institutions à mettre en œuvre des politiques de soutien adaptées aux différentes réalités de terrain observées. Cet article propose une typologie d'initiatives collectives d'intégration culture – élevage à l'échelle du territoire, à partir de l'étude de 56 projets de collectifs d'agriculteurs identifiés via des canaux institutionnels (projets Casdar MCAE, GIEE, etc.). Douze cas ont fait l'objet d'enquêtes d'approfondissement pour mieux comprendre les motivations et modalités de mise en œuvre de ces projets. Huit types d'initiatives ont été identifiés : trois portent sur une mise en commun de matériel et/ou connaissances favorisant des changements techniques pour viser l'autonomie à l'échelle exploitation. Les cinq autres relèvent d'échanges entre exploitations spécialisées, avec des finalités variées : recherche d'autonomie à l'échelle du collectif, commercialisation en circuits courts, mise à disposition de parcelles, méthanisation en collectif. La typologie présente également une diversité de leviers techniques et organisationnels, de modes de coordination et de coopérations avec les autres acteurs du territoire. De cette typologie, nous déduisons des pistes d'accompagnement par des acteurs des territoires et du développement agricole, en appui aux politiques publiques : soutien à l'investissement, communication, formation. ; Complementarities between crop and livestock systems beyond farm level are either theoretical ideals or field realities, but the last ones are poorly documented. Very diverse farmers' groups, more or less important in number of farms, volumes and regularity of exchanged products, draw a plural portrait of this reality. This article proposes a typology of crop-livestock integration initiatives beyond farm level. This typology is based on the study of 56 French groups of farms, identified through institutional networks (Ministrygranted projects, Organic farmers associations, etc.). Twelve interviews with projects' animators or leaders were conducted to define the motivations and implementation strategies in the initiatives, chosen to represent the different thematic and action scales. Eight types of initiatives have been identified, among which three rely only on sharing equipment and/or knowledge exchange to reach self-sufficiency at farm level. The other five rely on between-farm exchanges of products, with different objectives: group-level self-sufficiency, supply of diversified products in short supply chains, exchanges of fields, common management of a biogas unit. The typology also shows a diversity of technical and organizational levers for crop-livestock integration, with diverse options of cooperation with local stakeholders. From these results we suggest public policies' and professional organisations' options for supporting collective action towards crop-livestock integration in territories: support for investments, communication, training.
En 2014, l'année internationale de l'agriculture familiale aura été l'occasion d'une abondante production scientifique sur les diverses problématiques que recouvre cette forme sociale d'agriculture très largement majoritaire sur la planète, en particulier sous forme d'ouvrages(Bélières et al., 2014 ; Bosc et al. (à paraître) ; Guétat-Bernard, 2014 ; Sourisseau, 2014). Les travaux ne manquent pas non plus par le passé, que ce soit sur l'agriculture familiale (Caron et Sabourin, 2001 ; Lamarche, 1992, 1994 ; Mazoyer et Roudard, 1997) ou plus spécifiquement sur l'exploitation agricole familiale (Barthez, 2003 ; Brossier et al., 2003 ; Chia et Dugué, 2006 ; Dedieu et al., 2008 ; Gafsi et al., 2007 ; Laurent et Rémy, 2000 ; Mayaud, 1999 ; Penot, 2012 ; Rémy, 2013). En France comme ailleurs, les recherches sur l'exploitation agricole interrogent régulièrement son caractère familial, sa permanence, ses recompositions ou son effacement (Hervieu et Purseigle, 2013 ; Mundler et Rémy, 2012 ; Rémy, 2011). Unité de base de recensement et de création de données statistiques (Barthez, 1986 ; Laurent et al., 1994), l'exploitation est aussi une cible privilégiée des politiques publiques agricoles, rurales, environnementales, et désormais alimentaires, ce qui en fait un objet de connaissance de premier ordre. Dans ce contexte, quelles sont les ambitions de ce nouvel ouvrage sur l'exploitation, l'agriculteur et l'activité agricole en famille ?
In: Book of Abstracts of the 62th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science. (17)2011; 62. Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), Stavanger, NOR, 2011-08-29-2011-09-02, 377
In the current context of market fluctuation on agricultural products prices, European agriculture is endangered. In hilly areas, the orientation of CAP policy promoting specialization added to an always increasing lack of work forces challenges the future of farms. Nevertheless, farmers found how to adapt to local context to last on the long term. In this study, we try to assess the diversity of the adaptative strategies developed by farmers to last in analyzing their trajectories of change. Our study aims to understand the variety in trajectories of farms from 1950 up to now. We applied an integrated approach to the farm population of a case-study site, in the Coteaux de Gascogne. In this hilly region of south-western France, agriculture maintained with a limited specialization of production. We made a survey of the history of every farms working land in an area of about 4000 ha. We used a two steps-analysis including : (i) a manual assessment of the trajectory of each farm and (ii) a typology of farm trajectories build on a combination of multivariate analysis on a set of data composed by 20 variables for 50 farms on 10-year steps. The interpretation of the types was based on the results of the manual assessment. The resulting 6 types of trajectories reflect different objectives and strategies. Farmers found different "paths to last" in a same local context (environmental, political and economic). In two types of trajectories, farmers became specialized, in the other ones, farmers maintained more traditional systems, based on a crop-livestock association. This typology was validated by local farmers. Our results stress out the importance to understand the systemic functioning of farms to study local change in agricultural systems. In a next step of our study these results will be used in a participatory future process with local stakeholders, through co-constructed prospective scenarios.
In the current context of market fluctuation on agricultural products prices, European agriculture is endangered. In hilly areas, the orientation of CAP policy promoting specialization added to an always increasing lack of work forces challenges the future of farms. Nevertheless, farmers found how to adapt to local context to last on the long term. In this study, we try to assess the diversity of the adaptative strategies developed by farmers to last in analyzing their trajectories of change. Our study aims to understand the variety in trajectories of farms from 1950 up to now. We applied an integrated approach to the farm population of a case-study site, in the Coteaux de Gascogne. In this hilly region of south-western France, agriculture maintained with a limited specialization of production. We made a survey of the history of every farms working land in an area of about 4000 ha. We used a two steps-analysis including : (i) a manual assessment of the trajectory of each farm and (ii) a typology of farm trajectories build on a combination of multivariate analysis on a set of data composed by 20 variables for 50 farms on 10-year steps. The interpretation of the types was based on the results of the manual assessment. The resulting 6 types of trajectories reflect different objectives and strategies. Farmers found different "paths to last" in a same local context (environmental, political and economic). In two types of trajectories, farmers became specialized, in the other ones, farmers maintained more traditional systems, based on a crop-livestock association. This typology was validated by local farmers. Our results stress out the importance to understand the systemic functioning of farms to study local change in agricultural systems. In a next step of our study these results will be used in a participatory future process with local stakeholders, through co-constructed prospective scenarios.
International audience ; In the current context of market fluctuation on agricultural products prices, European agriculture is endangered. In hilly areas, the orientation of CAP policy promoting specialization added to an always increasing lack of work forces challenges the future of farms. Nevertheless, farmers found how to adapt to local context to last on the long term. In this study, we try to assess the diversity of the adaptative strategies developed by farmers to last in analyzing their trajectories of change. Our study aims to understand the variety in trajectories of farms from 1950 up to now. We applied an integrated approach to the farm population of a case-study site, in the Coteaux de Gascogne. In this hilly region of south-western France, agriculture maintained with a limited specialization of production. We made a survey of the history of every farms working land in an area of about 4000 ha. We used a two steps-analysis including : (i) a manual assessment of the trajectory of each farm and (ii) a typology of farm trajectories build on a combination of multivariate analysis on a set of data composed by 20 variables for 50 farms on 10-year steps. The interpretation of the types was based on the results of the manual assessment. The resulting 6 types of trajectories reflect different objectives and strategies. Farmers found different "paths to last" in a same local context (environmental, political and economic). In two types of trajectories, farmers became specialized, in the other ones, farmers maintained more traditional systems, based on a crop-livestock association. This typology was validated by local farmers. Our results stress out the importance to understand the systemic functioning of farms to study local change in agricultural systems. In a next step of our study these results will be used in a participatory future process with local stakeholders, through co-constructed prospective scenarios.
National audience ; Analyse des pratiques de trésorerie des éleveurs réunionnais, à partir de données issues de deux suivis : un groupe de sept élevages entre 2001 et 2002 et un groupe de six élevages entre 2003 et 2004. L'accompagnement des élevages bovins réunionnais en terme de raisonnement sur les pratiques de trésorerie apparaît une voie à approfondir dans le contexte actuel d'évolution des politiques agricoles de l'Union Européenne et d'augmentation du prix des matières premières.
Analyse des pratiques de trésorerie des éleveurs réunionnais, à partir de données issues de deux suivis : un groupe de sept élevages entre 2001 et 2002 et un groupe de six élevages entre 2003 et 2004. L'accompagnement des élevages bovins réunionnais en terme de raisonnement sur les pratiques de trésorerie apparaît une voie à approfondir dans le contexte actuel d'évolution des politiques agricoles de l'Union Européenne et d'augmentation du prix des matières premières.
National audience ; Analyse des pratiques de trésorerie des éleveurs réunionnais, à partir de données issues de deux suivis : un groupe de sept élevages entre 2001 et 2002 et un groupe de six élevages entre 2003 et 2004. L'accompagnement des élevages bovins réunionnais en terme de raisonnement sur les pratiques de trésorerie apparaît une voie à approfondir dans le contexte actuel d'évolution des politiques agricoles de l'Union Européenne et d'augmentation du prix des matières premières.
