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The article examines socio-economic and political influences on gifted education. It highlights the widespread disparity between advantaged and disadvantaged 'gifted and talented' students in terms of the extent to which they benefit from gifted education. Negative perceptions of social egalitarianism and societal misconceptions in giftedness are critically analysed. Cultural aspects related to gifted education are emphasized with a particular focus on the specific 'science' domain of giftedness. The article proposes and outlines future research in gifted education to address the issues of 'cultural-clashes' and 'cross-cultural border crossing' encountered by gifted and other students in their daily lives. Future outcomes from the proposed research might help teachers adapting their teaching styles and pedagogies to address the needs of gifted students, and assist future longitudinal research related to their cognitive, affective and social development.

Scholars have identified many variables as determinants of citizen participation, but not all of these are relevant to citizen participation in specific cultural and political contexts. This paper seeks to identify the specific factors which work as drivers for citizen participation in Bangladesh through a case study of Kanaighat Paurashava (municipality), an urban local government. It identifies the following variables which strongly affect citizen participation: the role of elected representatives, notably their willingness and awareness; the provision of information to citizens; citizens' capacity; and resources available. Findings also suggest that a holistic approach is needed to understand and change representatives' attitudes towards citizens and ensure participation.

Scholars have identified many variables as determinants of citizen participation, but not all of these are relevant to citizen participation in specific cultural and political contexts. This paper seeks to identify the specific factors which work as drivers for citizen participation in Bangladesh through a case study of Kanaighat Paurashava (municipality), an urban local government. It identifies the following variables which strongly affect citizen participation: the role of elected representatives, notably their willingness and awareness; the provision of information to citizens; citizens' capacity; and resources available. Findings also suggest that a holistic approach is needed to understand and change representatives' attitudes towards citizens and ensure participation.

Abstract Background Information concerning complementary feeding (CF) practice during infancy and early childhood is still scarce in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the level of CF among children of 6–23 months and identify individual, household and community level determinants in Bangladesh. Methods Secondary data from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) 2011 was used. A total of 2,373 children aged 6–23 months were selected. A simplified index called "dimension index" was used to estimate the level of CF. The score of this index was used either as continuous or categorical dependent variables. The highest score based on dimension index is associated to an adequate CF. Statistical analyses and tests were guided by types of variables. Finally, multivariable logistic regression (binary and multinomial) analyses were performed to identify the significant determinants of CF. Results The overall level of CF among children of 6–23 months was low. More than 90 % of children experienced either no (2.9 %) or inadequate CF (92.7 %). According to bivariable analyses, mean levels of CF as well as percentages of no/inadequate CF were significantly lower among children of the youngest age group, uneducated parents, unemployed/laborer fathers, socio-economically poor families, food insecure families and rural areas. No weekly exposure to mass media (namely watching TV and reading newspapers/magazines) also revealed significant associations with CF. However, only few variables remained significant for adequate CF in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. For example, the likelihood of experiencing adequate CF was significantly lower among children of 6–11 months (OR: 0.22, 95 % CI: 0.10–0.47), children of illiterate fathers (OR: 0.32, 95 % CI: 0.11–0.95) and socio-economically middle-class families (OR: 0.28, 95 % CI: 0.09–0.86) as compared to their reference categories. Conclusion A high level of inadequate CF leading to malnutrition may cause serious health problems among children of 6–23 months in Bangladesh. Vulnerable groups of children (e.g., the children aged 6 to 11 months and children of illiterate fathers), who received low levels of adequate CF, should be targeted by government and other stakeholders while developing strategies and interventions in order to improve overall situation of CF in Bangladesh.

Myanmar is a neighboring country of Bangladesh with long border. It has huge natural resources such as oil, gas, forestry, fisheries, agricultural land and other mineral resources. Myanmar is a country with an easy access to South Asia, South East Asia, and North East Asia. It is also linked with the Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean which have strategic importance for navigation, trade, and investment purposes. Two-neighboring countries, China and India, are both beneficiaries through maintaining friendly relations with Myanmar. Both China and India are using Myanmar's ports, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean, for exports and imports. They have also invested a huge amount of money in the different development projects including oil, gas, electricity, regional connectivity, and special economic zones in Rakhine state. The result of the study shows that the relationship between Bangladesh and Myanmar is not very good diplomatically. Bangladesh, being a close neighbor, has not been able to be benefit from Myanmar's natural resources, strategic location, and trade and investments. It is high time for Bangladesh to look at the potentials that are important in terms of its geo-strategic, geopolitical, and economic interests. The crisis of Rohingya ethnic minority occurs as a result of the lack of intimate relationship between Bangladesh and Myanmar. This paper focuses on pointing out the bilateral problems between these two countries. It also aims to provide some policy recommendations for both countries, particularly Bangladesh, which is suffering tremendously due to Rohingya influx. This study recommends that Bangladesh government should take necessary steps to maintain the relationship with Myanmar's government to resolve the bilateral border issues amicably. To carry out this study, both secondary and primary data were used qualitatively.

The aim of this paper is to identify the actors and factors which are important for effective and efficient functioning of local government. With a view to presenting the features of local government Japan has been selected as case for the study, in terms of legal authority, political parties, negotiation in budget process, inter-transfer of officials and decentralization of more power to local government, authority and process of recruitment, training of personnel, financial autonomy and transparency and ratio of revenue to be spent by the local government. The problems of local government in Bangladesh are also identified in relation to the above factors and some policies are recommended to resolve them.

The aim of this paper is to identify the actors and factors which are important for effective and efficient functioning of local government. With a view to presenting the features of local government Japan has been selected as case for the study, in terms of legal authority, political parties, negotiation in budget process, inter-transfer of officials and decentralization of more power to local government, authority and process of recruitment, training of personnel, financial autonomy and transparency and ratio of revenue to be spent by the local government. The problems of local government in Bangladesh are also identified in relation to the above factors and some policies are recommended to resolve them. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThis paper examines microfinance conditionalities of the Bangladesh Rural Development Board in Bangladesh from clients' and providers' perspectives based on a qualitative case study. The study reveals that the credit is less poor focus in terms of amount and disbursement procedure. Additionally, group liability and cooperatives are used as tactics for surveillance and punishment instead of invigorating collective effort. Saving and share work as disciplinary instruments instead of capital accumulation. Besides, service is regarded as a conditional commodity, and skill development becomes individual responsibility. The study implies listening to the voice of the poor and redesigning antipoverty programmes based on the need felt by them. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was born in a remote village in Gopalganj of the then East Bengal in 1920. His personality grew during childhood life through active participation in so many socio-economic and political activities. He used to take initiative and lead various kinds of political, social, religious and cultural functions. All common qualities of leadership were present in his charismatic personality. The genuine leaders don't think about particular people, areas or groups. They think about the entire world and the entire human being. We find the same thing in the thought of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. This research paper is divided into these parts: (1) Introduction, (2) Leadership and Personality of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, (3) The Quest for an Independent Bangladesh, (4) Formation of a Nation's Identity, (5) War of Liberation, (6) Bangabandhu and His Four Comrades; Four National Leaders (7) Conclusion. Key Words: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh Hasina, charismatic leadership, nation-state, Bangladesh, the war of liberation, 1971