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A deep, science-backed look at how the coronavirus pandemic will change the way we live forever -- from renowned physician and sociologist Nicholas Christakis. APOLLO'S ARROW offers a riveting account of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on American society as it unfolded in 2020, and on how the recovery will unfold in the coming years. Drawing on a combination of fascinating case studies and cutting-edge research from a range of scientific disciplines, bestselling author, physician, and sociologist Nicholas Christakis explores what it means to live in a time of plague -- an experience that is paradoxically uncommon to the vast majority of humans who are alive, yet deeply fundamental to our species as a whole. Unleashing new divisions in our society and new opportunities for cooperation, this 21st century pandemic has upended our society in ways that will test, but not vanquish, our already frayed culture's capacity to endure and thrive. Featuring many novel, provocative arguments and vivid examples ranging across medicine, history, sociology, epidemiology, data science, and genetics, APOLLO'S ARROW envisions what happens when the great force of a deadly germ meets the enduring reality of our evolved social nature

Preface: our common humanity -- The society within us -- Unintentional communities -- Intentional communities -- Artificial communities -- First comes love -- Animal attraction -- Animal friends -- Friends and networks -- One way to be social -- Remote control -- Genes and culture -- Natural and social laws

Wie lässt sich die Gesellschaft durch unsere Gene erklären? Prof. N. A. Christakis kombiniert Erkenntnisse aus Medizin, Evolutionsbiologie, Psychologie und Soziologie und stützt seinen Brückenschlag auf das soziale Wesen des Menschen. Das ist geprägt durch Individualität, Familienbindung, Kooperation, Gruppensolidarität, schwache Hierarchien und soziales Lernen. Diese zentralen Merkmale führt er zum einen zurück auf Erbanlagen, zum anderen präsentiert er ihr Erklärungspotenzial für gesellschaftliche Phänomene wie Kultur, Ausgrenzung oder Krieg - ohne Umweltfaktoren dabei zu vernachlässigen. Verblüffend sind die Erkenntnisse aus dem Leben von Schiffbrüchigen, indigenen Völkern und abgeschotteten Glaubensgemeinschaften. Für ein breites Publikum bringt der Autor die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen und die Frage nach menschlicher Gewalt und Empathie zusammen. In der internationalen Tagespresse sehr positiv aufgenommen

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The health effects of marital status are frequently cited in the current debate on marriage promotion, but little is known about how marital health effects vary across groups. This article assembles the largest properly longitudinal and nationally representative dataset of elderly married couples in the United States (N = 410,272 couples) and provides strong evidence that the "widowhood effect"—how the death of a spouse increases the mortality of the survivor-varies substantially by race. The authors find that whites married to whites suffer a large and enduring widowhood effect. By contrast, blacks married to blacks do not suffer a detectable widowhood effect, possibly because they manage to extend the survival advantage of marriage into widowhood. For racially intermarried men, wife's race appears to dominate the size and presence of the widowhood effect entirely, regardless of husband's own race. These results likely arise from differences in the marital cultures and marital contexts of black and white couples. More generally, these results demonstrate that the health effects of social ties depend on the individual attributes of the actors they connect.

People are interconnected, and so their health is interconnected. In recognition of this social fact, there has been growing conceptual and empirical attention over the past decade to the impact of social networks on health. This article reviews prominent findings from this literature. After drawing a distinction between social network studies and social support studies, we explore current research on dyadic and supradyadic network influences on health, highlighting findings from both egocentric and sociocentric analyses. We then discuss the policy implications of this body of work, as well as future research directions. We conclude that the existence of social networks means that people's health is interdependent and that health and health care can transcend the individual in ways that patients, doctors, policy makers, and researchers should care about.

For repeated events, fixed-effects regression methods—which control for all stable covariates—can be implemented by doing Cox regression with stratification on individuals. For nonrepeated events, we consider the use of conditional logistic regression to estimate fixed-effects models with discrete-time data. Known in the epidemiological literature as the case-crossover design, this method fails when any covariate is a monotonic function of time. Hence, no control for time itself can be included, leading to potentially spurious estimates. As an alternative, we consider the case-time-control method for estimating the effect of a dichotomous predictor. This method allows for the introduction of a control for time by reversing the role of the dependent and independent variables. In contrast to earlier work, we show that the method can be applied to data that contain only uncensored cases, and that it is possible to control for additional covariates, both categorical and quantitative. Simulation studies indicate that the case-time-control method is substantially superior to the case-crossover method and to conventional logistic regression. The methods are illustrated by estimating the effect of a wife's death on the hazard of death for her husband.