Suchergebnisse

Management of roads and the institutional solution chosen is dependent on a number of factors such as, regulatory tradition, and road network scale. It is likely that some solutions are more efficient than others, and this article compares and analyses Danish and Swedish institutional solutions regarding road management. The aim is to explore and briefly evaluate the systems in terms of institutional effi-ciency. The hypothesis is that, efficient institutions have a better ability for survival in the political processes. It is observed that the chosen solutions on national and municipal level are much alike, and therefore appear efficient. However, for joint private roads, the institutional designs are very different, and seem to be based on two diametrically contrasting views on how to govern this kind of roads.

United Nations (UN) calls on all countries to limit land consumption to an appropriate level. More specifically, the UN asks all countries "By 2030, to enhance [.] sustainable urbanization [.] and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries", cf. SDG 11.3 To reach this target, it is suggested to use "Ratio of land consumption rate to population growth rate" as an indicator (indicator 11.3.1). Some countries have already implemented strategies or other measures to control land consumption – some have even had it for a long time – while others are considering how to approach the challenge. There are basically two different approaches that can be used: a country can determine quantitative provisions, e.g. land take shall be reduced to "less than 30 ha per day"; or more qualitatively oriented political strategies on the reduction of land consumption can be implemented. Most countries that have already implemented measures to control land consumption appear to have chosen quantitative and technical provisions (e.g. set a target "under 30 ha / d"), while only a few countries have chosen an approach with qualitatively oriented political strategies. The Danish Government has chosen a qualitative approach – starting many years ago. There are definite advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, but the Danish one has turned out to be quite effective. The article will present and analyze Denmark's approach to act as inspiration for countries focussing on SDG 11.3 and indicator 11.3.1.