Search results

Using surveys collected from a sample of households nested within "naturally occurring" neighborhoods in Las Vegas, Nevada, during the 2007–2009 economic recession, this study examines the associations between real and perceived measures of neighborhood distress (foreclosure rate, physical decay, crime) and residents' reports of neighborhood quality of life and neighborhood satisfaction. Consistent with social disorganization theory, both real and perceived measures of neighborhood disorder were negatively associated with quality of life and neighborhood satisfaction. Residents' perceptions of neighborliness partially acted as a buffer against the effects of neighborhood distress, including housing foreclosures, on quality of life, and neighborhood satisfaction.

AbstractWhat motivates adult children, parents, and even grandchildren to live together? To answer this question, we review the sociological and social gerontological research on multigenerational households and families. We first provide a snapshot of multigenerational coresidence in the US and then discuss the primary theoretical perspectives used to explain these patterns: exchange theory, altruism, and norms and obligations. Structural conditions including economic crises tend to facilitate adult children moving in with parents (often with dependent children in tow), while spousal loss and declining health act as catalysts for parents moving in with adult children. Furthermore, economic struggles often facilitate the formation of grandparent‐headed families where the middle generation parents may or may not be present. We suggest that the current economic recession and housing crises will have profound effects on multigenerational households and may also encourage more coresidence. Changes in social welfare policies, increases in coresident grandparenting, and changes in the racial and ethnic composition of the US also have implications for multigenerational households' economic and social security.

AbstractThe influx of immigrants has increased diversity among ethnic minorities and indicates that they may take multiple integration paths in American society. Previous research on ethnic integration has often focused on panethnic differences, and few have explored ethnic diversity within a racial or panethnic context. Using 2000 U.S. census data for Puerto Rican–, Mexican-, Chinese-, and Filipino-origin individuals, we examine differences in marriage and cohabitation with whites, with other minorities, within a panethnic group, and within an ethnic group by nativity status. Ethnic endogamy is strong and, to a lesser extent, so is panethnic endogamy. Yet, marital or cohabiting unions with whites remain an important path of integration but differ significantly by ethnicity, nativity, age at arrival, and educational attainment. Meanwhile, ethnic differences in marriage and cohabitation with other racial or ethnic minorities are strong. Our analysis supports that unions with whites remain a major path of integration, but other paths of integration also become viable options for all ethnic groups.

Las Vegas has come to epitomize the crisis of urban development in the US today. For nearly 20 years, Las Vegas was touted as the most dynamic region in the country. It boasted the nation's most rapid population growth and economic development fueled by tourism and housing growth. By 2007, Las Vegas became the epicenter of the housing crisis. The city now ranks high in unemployment, home foreclosures, and underfunding for social services. Residential morale, quality of life, and sense of belonging have been compromised. The Las Vegas housing market led the country with the highest concentration of subprime mortgage originations. Dependent on tourism and service-based employment, many of the people who made Las Vegas their home during the boom years either relied on income with little documentation or simply were not able to afford conventional mortgage loans. Subprime mortgage products were designed to provide home ownership opportunities to the most credit-vulnerable buyers, including those with no established credit history, little documentation of income, and/or those with smaller down payments. Adapted from the source document.

This study helps to disentangle the mutual effects of neighborhood disorder and social cohesion on how residents evaluate their neighborhoods. We draw upon data from the 2009 Las Vegas Metropolitan Area Social Survey to understand how neighborhood cohesion, physical disorder, and perceptions of crime and safety influence neighborhood satisfaction and neighborhood quality of life among residents in the dynamic, yet understudied, urban context of Las Vegas, Nevada. We use ordinary least squares and binary logistic regression to predict two measures of neighborhood satisfaction. Our results show that even with significant neighborhood disorder, social connectedness with neighbors remains a significant predictor of neighborhood satisfaction. We discuss implications of neighborhood satisfaction research for other fast-changing metropolitan areas.

AbstractThis article dives into the complexity of managing our "self" and our "roles," and how we can acknowledge the vast multitudes contained in each of our identities in our work as leadership educators. We wanted to incorporate a more conversational format to this article by highlighting the different ways ideas can be expressed and the gifts of the co‐inquiry discussion model for gleaning deeper insights into a topic.

This is the final version. Available on open access from IOP Publishing via the DOI in this record ; Radiative-transfer (RT) is a key component for investigating atmospheres of planetary bodies. With the 3D nature of exoplanet atmospheres being important in giving rise to their observable properties, accurate and fast 3D methods are required to be developed to meet future multi-dimensional and temporal data sets. We develop an open source GPU RT code, gCMCRT, a Monte Carlo RT forward model for general use in planetary atmosphere RT problems. We aim to automate the post-processing pipeline, starting from direct global circulation model (GCM) output to synthetic spectra. We develop albedo, emission and transmission spectra modes for 3D and 1D input structures. We include capability to use correlated-k and high-resolution opacity tables, the latter of which can be Doppler shifted inside the model. We post-process results from several GCM groups including ExoRad, SPARC/MITgcm THOR, UK Met Office UM, Exo-FMS and the Rauscher model. Users can therefore take advantage of desktop and HPC GPU computing solutions. gCMCRT is well suited for post-processing large GCM model grids produced by members of the community and for high-resolution 3D investigations. ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; European Union Horizon 2020