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The dismantling and restructuring of Keynesian social security programmes have impacted disproportionately on women, especially lone parent mothers, and shifted public discourse and social images from welfare fraud to welfare as fraud, thereby linking poverty, welfare and crime. This article analyzes the current, inordinate focus on 'welfare cheats'. The criminalization of poverty raises theoretical and empirical questions related to regulation, control, and the relationship between them at particular historical moments. Moral regulation scholars working within post-structuralist and post-modern frameworks have developed an influential approach to these issues; however, we situate ourselves in a different stream of critical socio-legal studies that takes as its point of departure the efficacy, contradictions and inherently social nature of law in a given social formation. With reference to the historical treatment of poor women on welfare, we develop three themes in our critical review of the moral regulation concept: the conceptualization of welfare and welfare law, as illustrated by welfare fraud; the relationship between social and moral with respect to the role of law; and changing forms of the relationship between state and non-state institutions and agencies. We conclude with comments on the utility of a 'materialist' concept of moral regulation for feminist theorizing.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Regulating Lives -- Introduction -- 1 'A Strange Revolution in the Manners of the Country': Aboriginal-Settler Intermarriage in Nineteenth-Century British Columbia -- 2 Control of the Insane in British Columbia, 1849- 78: Care, Cure, or Confinement? -- 3 Racializing Prohibitions: Alcohol Laws and Racial/ Ethnic Minorities in British Columbia, 1871- 1927 -- 4 Secrets and Lies: The Criminalization of Incest and the (Re) Formation of the 'Private' in British Columbia, 1890- 1940 -- 5 'Charity Is One Thing and the Administration of Justice Is Another': Law and the Politics of Familial Regulation in Early Twentieth- Century British Columbia -- 6 Regulating the 'Respectable' Classes: Venereal Disease, Gender, and Public Health Initiatives in Canada, 1914- 35 -- 7 Race, Reason, and Regulation: British Columbia's Mass Exile of Chinese 'Lunatics' aboard the Empress of Russia, 9 February 1935 -- 8 The Politics of Naming: Constructing Prostitutes and Regulating Women in Vancouver, 1939- 45 -- 9 The State, Child Snatching, and the Law: The Seizure and Indoctrination of Sons of Freedom Children in British Columbia, 1950- 60 -- Postlude -- Contributors -- Index.

In 1915, three years after legislation was passed forcing the Law Society of British Columbia to admit women, Viola Vivian DeBeck enrolled in articles. She was the fourth woman to do so. Her principal was her brother's law partner. Thirty-eight years later in 1953, after marriage, children, the death of her husband, and articling for two more principals, she was called and admitted to the bar as Viola Vivian DeBeck McCrossan. She then practised continuously from her call until her death in 1980. This article explores McCrossan's pioneering pathway into law and the evolution of her balancing act among law, love, and life.