Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The main goal of this article is to contribute to the theoretical analysis of international trade under imperfect competition using the Cournot oligopoly model with heterogeneous firms. In particular, our objective is to provide some insights into the role of cost asymmetry in studying the effects of trade liberalisation in the Cournot oligopoly framework. In order to introduce firm heterogeneity into the oligopoly model we use the generalised Cournot framework with asymmetric firms that differ in terms of their productivity, levels of output and market shares. We show that trade liberalisation leads to the elimination of less productive firms and results in lower equilibrium prices, higher sales per firm and lower markups in the industry.

In the process of globalization of national economies, multinational
enterprises are now playing an increasingly important role. Along with the
growth of the importance of these enterprises, the structure of foreign directinvestment (FDI) is also evolving. So far, the majority of FDI was located in highly developed countries, and these investments were made in human capital intensive industries, the majority of which belonged to the services sector. In recent decades, there has been an increase in FDI inflows to developing and transforming countries. It is related to the liberalization and internationalization of their economies, as well as a significant decrease in transport costs and the costs of doing business across national borders. Over the last three decades, Poland also recorded a significant inflow of FDI, becoming one of important recipients of foreign capital among the new EU Member States (EU). The main purpose of this article is to analyze the last three decades of development of companies with foreign capital in Poland. This paper
presents a descriptive analysis of FDI trends in Poland, including the number and size of companies with foreign capital, the source of this capital according to the investor's country of origin, as well as the sectoral and industry structure of FDI in Poland. The results of this analysis allow, among other things, to identify key regularities related to the FDI made in Poland before and after the EU accession, as well as their reference to new theories of a multinational enterprise.

Abstract
During the last two decades, Poland has become a large recipient of inward foreign direct investment (FDI). This article uses standard panel data techniques to study empirically the determinants of inward FDI in Poland during the period 1996–2015 made by multinational enterprises coming from the old European Union (EU)-15 member states. The estimated specification is derived from the knowledge-capital (KC) model and includes two types of capital: human and physical. The assembled empirical evidence points to the horizontal motive as the primary reason for undertaking FDI in Poland by multinational firms based in the old EU-15 member states. Moreover, the KC model does not seem to explain better the pattern of inward FDI in Poland compared to the standard ad hoc gravity model of international capital mobility.

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to study empirically the determinants of foreign firms' location inPolish regions with a special focus on the role of firm size. To derive testable hypotheses on the firm location choice an analytical framework that combines the firm heterogeneity and the new economic geography literatures is used. In this framework, agglomeration economies, technical infrastructure, and labour market characteristics may affect location decisions of foreign investors. The hypotheses derived from the theory are validated empirically using the regional dataset atNUTS2 level of spatial aggregation for the period 1999–2010. The empirical evidence confirms the existence of firm heterogeneity with respect to the determinants of firm location choice.