Suchergebnisse

Developing Innovation Systems / M. Cimoli -- Technological capabilities and development process -- National innovation systems: main building blocks and linkages -- A model of integration for the Mexican innovation system -- Macroeconomic Setting, Production System and Globalization of Technology -- Macroeconomic Setting and Production System / M. Cimoli -- Productivity, investment and sectoral patterns -- The Mexican economy: a new scenario and performances -- The Macroeconomic Setting for Innovation / J. Fernandez -- Import substitution industrialization (ISI) period -- Transition

This volume addresses the issue of state intervention in industry & markets. It provides a comprehensive critique of the policies informed by the Washington Consensus. Building on this critique, the editors bring together essays by leading experts in the field which focus on instances of successful industrial policies & interventions.

En el marco del número especial de El Trimestre Económico, este artículo discute el contexto latinoamericano con base en el pensamiento cepalino en relación con una propuesta de desarrollo sostenible. Analiza las tres crisis de la actualidad —económica, ambiental y social— y los desafíos derivados de éstas con base en el modelo centro-periferia, así como en sus determinantes, como el desarrollo tecnológico, los patrones de especialización y las dinámicas de empleos y salarios. A partir de este análisis, se argumenta que es necesario articular diferentes tipos de política en una estrategia de desarrollo sostenible.

The evolution of industries in the last two centuries in all countries has been closely supported by a wide range of public policies addressing the patterns of capital accumulation, trade rules, the organisation of markets, innovative efforts and the process of knowledge creation and diffusion. Specific institutions have been created supporting such developments and have played a key role in economic growth. The protection of infant industries, the definition of trade and intellectual property regimes, the distribution of rents and the coherence with macroeconomic policies are key elements of such policies. The current challenges of industrial and innovation policies are discusses in the light of recent experiences in emerging countries.Keywords: secondary sector, public policy, industrial policy, market/commercialpolicy, industrialization, international trade, intellectual property, macroeconomics

After years of reforms and unending debate, the question remains unanswered: why is Latin America not growing more? The present article approaches the subject from an unconventional perspective, presenting the persistence of informality as a structural barrier to growth. As an analytical frame of reference, it introduces a 2 x 2 model of growth in which the economy comprises just two sectors, the formal and the informal. The model presents the links between the growth pattern of the formal sector and the dynamics of the informal sector, and between these and the pattern of growth in the overall economy. Adverse specialization patterns and an unfavourable international trade profile are perpetuating informality. Thus, export-led growth most resembles an enclave model which does not even guarantee high growth, since the dynamic of the informal sector, which accounts for about half the urban workforce, adversely affects the performance of the whole economy. (CEPAL Rev/GIGA)

While it is futile to search for any 'magic policy recipe' automatically yielding industrialization, the contributions to the book, we argue, do indeed help in identifying some basic ingredients and principles that successful policy arrangements historically had and have in common. In this concluding chapter we spell out some of them. They include: (i) an 'emulation philosophy' vis-à-vis the most promising technological paradigms; (ii) various measures safeguarding the possibility of 'infant industry learning', involving also the purposeful 'distortion' of market signals as they come from the international arena; (iii) explicit policies of capability-building directed both at education and training but also at nurturing and shaping specific corporate actors; (iv) a 'political economy of rent-management' favourable to learning and industrialization, while curbing the exploitation of monopolist positions; (v) measures aimed to foster and exploit a weak Intellectual Property Rights regime, especially with respect to the companies of the developed world; (vi) strategies aimed at avoiding the 'natural resource course'; (vii) 'virtuous' complementarities between industrial policies and macroeconomic management. Further the chapter discusses the opportunities and constraints associated with the current regimes of trade and IPR governance and puts forward some basic building blocks of a proposed new pro-developmental consensus fostering knowledge accumulation and industrialization in catching-up countries.

1. Latin America and the world economy / Dale W. Jorgenson and Khuong Minh Vu -- 2. Technical change and economic growth : some lessons from secular patterns and some conjectures on the current impact of ICT / Carolina Castaldi and Giovanni Dosi -- 3. ICT and productivity growth in Europe : an update and comparison with the US / Mary O'Mahony, Marcel Timmer and Bart van Ark -- 4. ICT investment in Latin America : does it matter for economic growth? / Gaaitzen J. De Vries ... [et al.] -- 5. Growth, productivity and information and communications technologies in Latin America, 1950-2005 / Claudio Aravena ... [et al.] -- 6. The impact of information and communication technologies on economic growth in Latin America in comparative perspective / Nauro F. Campos -- 7. ICT, learning and growth : an evolutionary perspective / Mario Cimoli and Nelson Correa -- 8. ICT and knowledge complementarities : a factor analysis on growth / Marco Capasso and Nelson Correa -- 9. A dynamic input-output simulation analysis of the impact of ICT diffusion in the Brazilian economy / Fabio Freitas, David Kupfer and Esther Dweck -- 10. The relative impact of the regulatory framework on the diffusion of ICT : evidence from Latin America, 1989-2004 / Nauro F. Campos.