Suchergebnisse

Résumé Cet article propose une étude économétrique sur le phénomène croissant d'oppositions de brevets. Plus spécifiquement, l'étude s'intéresse à l'impact de différents déterminants susceptibles d'influencer l'incidence d'oppositions de brevets déposés par des résidents belges et délivrés par l'Office européen des brevets sur la période 1978-2003. Les résultats confirment ceux d'études antérieures dans le même domaine. En particulier, la probabilité pour un brevet de faire l'objet d'une opposition par des tiers dépend positivement de sa valeur économique, du niveau de complexité et d'incertitude des inventions brevetées, ainsi que négativement du pouvoir de négociation des détenteurs du brevet.

This paper explores the existence and importance of financing constraints for R&D investments in large EU and US manufacturing companies over the 2000 – 2007 period. The main results obtained by estimating error-correction equations suggest that the sensitivity of R&D investments to cash flow variations are important for European firms while US ones do not appear to be financially constrained. In terms of policy implications, these results suggest improving the conditions for access to external capital to finance R&D activities in the EU.

Innovation in the European Union remains weak according to a number of key 'input' indicators, especially R&D investment by the business sector, and there are relatively few signs of progress. From a firm-level perspective, Europe's innovation gap relative to the US results from an inappropriate industrial structure in which new firms do not play a significant role, especially in new high-tech sectors. This view of a structural EU innovation deficit has many supporters. But it has received little or no thorough empirical investigation. This paper aims to address this 'evidence gap'. We find that compared to the US, the EU has fewer young firms among its leading innovators. But this accounts for only about one-third of the EU-US differential. The largest part of the differential is due to the fact that young leading innovators in the EU are less R&D intensive than their US counterparts. Further unravelling shows that this is almost entirely due to a different sectoral composition. We thus confirm that the EU-US private R&D gap is indeed mostly a structural issue.

Innovation in the European Union remains weak and there are relatively few signs of progress. In this policy contribution, Reinhilde Veugelers and Michele Cincera give evidence to show that compared to the US, the EU has fewer young firms among its leading innovators and the primary driver of this private R&D gap is due to the fact that young leading innovators in the EU are less R&D intensive than their US counterparts. This paper complements the Bruegel policy brief, Europe's missing yollies.

EU Science & Technology (S&T) pre-competitive and near-the-market collaborations are the two main instruments of the European technological policy. In order to grasp the dynamics inherent to the technological collaborative behaviour of European research organisations and to better appreciate to what extent European countries, regions and research organisations are engaged in EU S&T cooperative aggrements, descriptive statistics and several absolute and relative indicators are performed. To that end, a analysis based on the collaborations observed through the European Framework Programme as well as the EUREKA initiative is performed. In a second step, a regression analysis is conducted to shed some light on the main determinants of the participation of EU regions to these S&T collaborations. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

EU Science & Technology (S&T) pre-competitive and near-the-market collaborations are the two main instruments of the European technological policy. In order to grasp the dynamics inherent to the technological collaborative behaviour of European research organisations and to better appreciate to what extent European countries, regions and research organisations are engaged in EU S&T cooperative aggrements, descriptive statistics and several absolute and relative indicators are performed. To that end, a analysis based on the collaborations observed through the European Framework Programme as well as the EUREKA initiative is performed. In a second step, a regression analysis is conducted to shed some light on the main determinants of the participation of EU regions to these S&T collaborations. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Access to finance is a key driver of business activities. It can help firms to grow and innovate. However, due to market failures innovative firms are usually more financinally constrained. To improve access to financing for risky but excellent R&D and innovation investment projects, a new debt-financing instrument called "Risk Sharing Finance Facility" was created in 2007, by a joint initiative of the European Commission and the European Investment Bank. Based on a macro-economic analysis, the aim of the paper is to assess the effect of this new debt-financing instrument on enhancing private R&D expenditure. The database used covers the 28 Member States of the European Union in the period 2007-2016. Private R&D decision is estimated by a function of output growth and several R&D policy instruments. The methodological approach is based on a fixed effect model with control function method in order to correct for endogenous bias of Risk Sharing Finance. The results reveal a positive and significant effect of the new EU policy financing instrument on Private R&D expenditure and its rate of return seems to be higher than that of grants or subsidies. Furthermore, in countries where government funding for private R&D expenditure is above the average, the effect of Risk Sharing Finance shows a lower marginal effect. No evidence of significant differences concerning the size of the effect of the new debt-financing instrument is found when differentiating the level of R&D tax incentives. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The aim of the paper is to explore which factors explain the reasons for firms' decisions to delocalize their R&D activities outside or within the EU. Special attention is given to the influence of public policies to support R&D on the decisions to (de)localize R&D activities. The main source of information is "The EU survey on R&D Investment Business Trends" for the years 2007-2013. The methodology is based on a descriptive analysis of these surveys, on benchmarking with other economic studies in the field and a SWOT analysis of R&D activity location in the EU. The analysis reveals that the quality of R&D personnel and access to network knowledge (with firms, universities and public organizations) are the most important factors for locating R&D activities in a given region or country. Public support for R&D appears to be relegated to a secondary position in the decision to locate R&D activities. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published